The cognitive and neural correlates of written language: a selective review of bilingualism

Waldie, Karen E.; Badzakova-Trajkov, Gjurgjica; Park, Haeme R.P.; Zheng, Yuxuan; Neumann, Denise; Foroushani, Nasrin Zamani

doi:10.1080/03036758.2020.1779093

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Style usually refers to different forms of discourse used in different contexts, in addition to the difference between the literary language and the vernacular. Like the spoken language, each type of written language of the same era has a certain range of grammar and diction, and their boundaries may be blurred [8]. Due to the complex relationship between the written language of different styles and different spoken dialects, including individual or group, synchronic or historical relationships, the differentiation and inheritance of different written languages are quite complex.…”

Section: Features Of Written Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second is the change in the vocabulary of the written language. Changes in the vocabulary of written languages are influenced by other dialects and other dialects of written language, in addition to the influence of changes in the authoritative dialects that affect them most [8]. The written language is usually the dialect of the reader, and the written language maintains a close relationship not only with the spoken language of the past, but also with the spoken language of the present, which often has a complex relationship with each other [9].…”

Section: The Development Process Of Written Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on Strategies to Achieve Cross-Linguistic Communication in the Context of Internationalisation

Wen¹

2023

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Language and Art (ICELA 2022)

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Cross-linguistic communication is a universal phenomenon that has existed since ancient times. With the rapid development of various means of transport and communication as a result of scientific progress, people from all countries are communicating more and more closely with each other. Since everyone is culturally unique, when people come into contact with foreign cultures, they often understand and analyse them from their own cultural perspective due to the constraints of their own cultural thinking and habits, thus leading to the phenomenon of cultural misinterpretation. Therefore, it is extremely important to analyse the components of language and master the skills of cross-linguistic communication in the face of the current situation of cross-linguistic communication. This article focuses on the classification of languages and proposes practical measures for intercultural communication.

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Section: Features Of Written Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Development Process Of Written Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Strategies to Achieve Cross-Linguistic Communication in the Context of Internationalisation

Wen¹

2023

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Language and Art (ICELA 2022)

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“…In this context, an interesting yet unanswered question related to the brain basis of speech production in L1 and L2 is the degree of lateralization. It is known that language is lateralized to the left hemisphere in most people, but research suggest that bilinguals may have reduced lateralization, especially if they acquired the L2 early in life [55][56][57][58] . However, so far, we know very little about differences in lateralization of L1 and L2 processing.…”

Section: Lateralization Of Mechanisms Supporting Speech Production In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain-general and language-specific contributions to speech production in a second language: an fMRI study using functional localizers

Wolna

Szewczyk

Diaz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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For bilinguals, speaking in a second language (L2) compared to the native language (L1) is usually more difficult. In this study we asked whether the difficulty in L2 production reflects increased demands imposed on domain-general or core language mechanisms. We compared the brain response to speech production in L1 and L2 within two functionally-defined networks in the brain: the Multiple Demand (MD) network and the Language network. We found that speech production in L2 was linked to a widespread increase of brain activity in the domain-general MD network. The Language network did not show a similarly robust differences in processing speech in the two languages, however, we found increased response to L2 production in the language-specific portion of the left IFG. To further explore our results, we have looked at domain-general and language-specific response within the brain structures postulated to form a Bilingual Language Control network. Within this network, we found a robust increase in response to L2 in the domain-general, but also in some language-specific voxels including in the left IFG. Our findings show that L2 production strongly engages domain-general mechanisms, but only locally affects language-specific processing. These results put constrain on the current model of bilingual language control.

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“…Furthermore, a number of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magneto-encephalography (MEG) studies have explored how bilingual language experience modulates brain plasticity by comparing bilinguals and monolinguals in the neural mechanisms of executive control [ 7 – 12 ]. So far, brain imaging evidence available has shown that activation patterns in a number of brain regions differ between bilinguals and monolinguals when they perform cognitive control tasks [ 7 , 8 , 11 , 13 , 14 ]. Since these brain areas play crucial roles in both cognitive control and language control [ 7 , 10 , 15 ], these findings suggest that bilingualism leads to neurological changes in control mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language switching training modulates the neural network of non-linguistic cognitive control

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Bilingual language experience, such as switching between languages, has been shown to shape both cognitive and neural mechanisms of non-linguistic cognitive control. However, the neural adaptations induced by language switching remain unclear. Using fMRI, the current study examined the impact of short-term language switching training on the neural network of domain-general cognitive control for unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals. Effective connectivity maps were constructed by using the extended unified structural equation models (euSEM) within 10 common brain regions involved in both language control and domain-general cognitive control. Results showed that, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/pre-supplementary motor area (dACC/pre-SMA) lost connection from the right thalamus after training, suggesting that less neural connectivity was required to complete the same domain-general cognitive control task. These findings not only provide direct evidence for the modulation of language switching training on the neural interaction of domain-general cognitive control, but also have important implications for revealing the potential neurocognitive adaptation effects of specific bilingual language experiences.

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The cognitive and neural correlates of written language: a selective review of bilingualism

Cited by 6 publications

References 90 publications

A Study on Strategies to Achieve Cross-Linguistic Communication in the Context of Internationalisation

A Study on Strategies to Achieve Cross-Linguistic Communication in the Context of Internationalisation

Domain-general and language-specific contributions to speech production in a second language: an fMRI study using functional localizers

Language switching training modulates the neural network of non-linguistic cognitive control

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