The Cognitive and Emotional Aspect in Fibromyalgia: The Importance of the Orofacial Sphere

Abstract

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a systemic and multifactorial disease of unknown etiology. There are many co-morbidities that the patient presents, making the clinical picture not immediate. Cognitive decline and emotional alteration (anxiety and depression) are found in fibromyalgic patients, as well as temporomandibular joint arthrokinematic disorders, dental malocclusion, and periodontitis. There seems to be a biunivocal relationship between oral and psychiatric dysfunctions in fibromyalgia. The article reviews the information regarding oral health alterations with respect to the patient's cognitive and emotional response, as the most recent information we have raises new hypotheses about the diagnosis of FMS.

Proposal for Manual Osteopathic Treatment of the Phrenic Nerve

“…Other visceral, cardiopulmonary, such as chronic heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatological (fibromyalgia) pathologies can damage the phrenic pathways, causing permanent dysfunction of the diaphragm [ 83 - 85 ]. Iatrogenic damage to the nerve can occur after traumatic events, such as the formation of scar tissue that prevents sliding between the meningeal layers, or between the outer meningeal layer and neighboring tissues, chronicizing the dysfunction [ 86 ].…”