The code of the street and cooperation with the police: Do codes of violence, procedural injustice, and police ineffectiveness discourage reporting violent victimization to the police?

Kwak, Hyounggon; Dierenfeldt, Rick; McNeeley, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.11.001

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…al 2018), but they may not hamper crime reporting. Brutality events like the Jude story often occur in contexts of high legal cynicism stemming from cumulative perceived injustices during routine interactions (Kwak, Dierenfeldt, and McNeeley 2019). Indeed, studies of other police brutality events have found no effects (White, Weisburd, and Wire 2018) or short-lived effects (Kochel 2015:3) on legal cynicism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Police Brutality Stories Reduce 911 Calls? Reassessing an Important Criminological Finding

Zoorob

2020

Am Sociol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This comment reassesses the prominent claim from Desmond, Papachristos, and Kirk (2016) (DPK) that 911 calls plummeted—and homicides surged—because of a police brutality story in Milwaukee (the Jude story). The results in DPK depend on a substantial outlier 47 weeks after the Jude story, the final week of data. Identical analyses without the outlier final week show that the Jude story had no statistically significant effect on either total 911 calls or violent crime 911 calls. Modeling choices that do not extrapolate from data many weeks after the Jude story—including an event study and “regression discontinuity in time”—also find no evidence that calls declined, a consistent result across predominantly black neighborhoods, predominantly white neighborhoods, and citywide. Finally, plotting the raw data demonstrates stable 911 calls in the weeks around the Jude story. Overall, the existing empirical evidence does not support the theory that publishing brutality stories decreases crime reporting and increases murders.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Police Brutality Stories Reduce 911 Calls? Reassessing an Important Criminological Finding

Zoorob

2020

Am Sociol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consistent with this view, individuals who have had negative prior interactions with the police are less likely to report crime (Slocum 2018, Kwak et al 2019 and ascribe less legitimacy to the police as an institution . Other research indicates that vicarious experiences -hearing of another's bad experiences with the police -can similarly damage police legitimacy (Browning et al 1994, Rosenbaum et al 2005.…”

Section: Police Legitimacy and Crime Reportingmentioning

confidence: 80%

Police Legitimacy and Citizen Coproduction: How does publicized police brutality impact calling the police?

Zoorob

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because citizen reports are the primary means that police learn of crimes, calling the police has been called the most important decision in the criminal justice system. One view of citizen-police cooperation contends that citizens report crimes to the police because they perceive the police to be legitimate. How, then, do shocks to institutional legitimacy shape the demand for police services? Analyzing 25 well-publicized cases of police brutality across 22 US cities using differencein-differences analyses and random permutation tests, I find little evidence that police brutality incidents reduce willingness to call 911 to report crimes overall or in Black neighborhoods, contrary to previous empirical work and some theories of citizen-police cooperation. Analyses of google search trends in impacted areas indicate substantial interest in local brutality events, media reports and public opinion data indicate these events reduced police trust, and many incidents resulted in sustained protests and concrete changes in laws and policies about policing. However, demand for policing services-measured by 911 calls reporting assault, burglary, theft, and gunshots-remained remarkably steady. Robustness tests compare acoustic measures of gunshots with citizen reports of shots fired and examine the racial composition of crime reporters before and after brutality events, providing additional evidence of no effect. In the absence of alternatives, citizens continue to call on police intervention to manage crime despite damaged police legitimacy.

show abstract

“…In another study using the Seattle data, McNeeley and Yuan (2017) found that several code-related beliefs were positively related to emotional fear of crime (i.e., fear of being attacked often) while one specific street code attitude, that is, that violence is sometimes justified, was positively related to the perceived risk of victimization (i.e., more unsafe neighborhoods). Finally, Kwak, Dierenfeldt, and McNeeley (2019) examined how codes of violence affected reporting of victimization to the police. Again using the same Seattle data, results showed no relationship in the full sample, but when analyzed across race, the authors detected that "Black victims who believed that a code of violence was prevalent in their communities were less likely to report crime to the police" (p. 31).…”

Section: Extant Research On the Street Codementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our examination across demographic groups is not without merit. Recall that Kwak et al (2019) found that race moderated the relationship between street…”

Section: Declaration Of Conflicting Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Street Code Predicts an Earlier Anticipated Death

Intravia

Baglivio

2019

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Criminologists have long been interested in the relationship between subcultural attitudes and antisocial behavior, with Anderson’s street code thesis being the most recent and often researched foray in this area. Relatedly, scholars have begun to investigate the risk factors associated with the anticipation of early death. Extant research, however, has yet to empirically test Anderson’s hypothesis that subscription to the street code is predictive of an anticipated early death. This study contributes to the literatures on the street code as well as fatalism by investigating the link between these two constructs. Methods: Using data from a sample of serious youthful offenders, we examine whether street code values are related to the anticipation of a short life span using a number of multivariate regression techniques controlling for a range of individual- and community-level variables. Results: Results show adherence to the street code is significantly associated with an anticipated early death among the sample of delinquent youth. Further, the relationship between street code and anticipated early death holds across race/ethnicity and gender, and results are not sensitive to the measurement of an anticipated early death. Findings from the current research are discussed, along with implications for policy and future research.

show abstract

The code of the street and cooperation with the police: Do codes of violence, procedural injustice, and police ineffectiveness discourage reporting violent victimization to the police?

Cited by 37 publications

References 86 publications

Do Police Brutality Stories Reduce 911 Calls? Reassessing an Important Criminological Finding

Do Police Brutality Stories Reduce 911 Calls? Reassessing an Important Criminological Finding

Police Legitimacy and Citizen Coproduction: How does publicized police brutality impact calling the police?

Adherence to the Street Code Predicts an Earlier Anticipated Death

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About