The Cod Wars: a re-analysis

Steinsson, Sverrir

doi:10.1080/09662839.2016.1160376

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The construction and enforced protection of a resilient network of MPAs must be a central pillar of future UK fisheries policy, despite the likely protests from EU members who may perceive their “historical fishing rights” to be violated. This latter point requires careful consideration if “cordiale” relationships with EU partners are to be maintained, as lessons in international relations learnt from the UK-Icelandic “Cod Wars” illustrate [ 29 ]. The Cod Wars were a series of militarised interstate “skirmishes” initiated due to UK fishing vessels entering Icelandic waters to access fish stocks that they had exploited for centuries.…”

Section: Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 provides an opportunity to advance a sustainable UK fisheries policy in a post-Brexit brave new world

2020

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Brexit creates a systemic shock that provides a unique opportunity for the UK to implement a new sustainable Fisheries Policy to better manage the multiple stocks on which future fishers will depend on leaving the European Union. At the same time, the global slowdown of commercial fishing as a result of COVID-19 has reduced pressure on some threatened stocks to levels not seen since the Second World War. In combination, Brexit and the COVID-19 slowdown have created a unique opportunity to facilitate the recovery of a threatened resource. Nevertheless, challenges remain as fisheries represent only 0.12% of UK economic output, presenting a risk that opportunities for more sustainable management will be lost during wider trade negotiations. Reduced fishing pressure during the COVID-19 era will enable stocks an opportunity to recover if supported by a new UK Fisheries Policy that focuses on: (a) re-establishing the role of Maximum Sustainable Yield to set limits that enable the recovery of fish populations initiated during the COVID-19 era; (b) ensuring that catch targets are set with the aim to maintain biomass at 120% of that which will achieve Maximum Sustainable Yield; (c) improving coherent resource management that also considers the expensive use of carbon associated with unsustainable fishing, and the need to protect fish throughout their life-cycle; and (d) constructing and effectively enforcing protection of a resilient network of Marine Protected Areas despite potential protests from EU member states.

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Section: Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 provides an opportunity to advance a sustainable UK fisheries policy in a post-Brexit brave new world

2020

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“…Both countries were rich consolidated democracies. The states are non-contiguous and Iceland was clearly engaging in risky behaviour as the ratio of capabilities between the UK and Iceland was approximately 1500 to 1 (see Steinsson, 2016 for discussion of the Cod Wars and International Relations theory).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarisation, accountability, and interstate conflict

Gallop

Greene

2020

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations

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Voters constrain democratic leaders’ foreign policy decisions. Yet, studies show that elite polarisation restricts the choices available to voters, limiting their ability to punish or reward incumbent governments. Building on a comparative elections and accountability perspective, we hypothesise that the governing context moderates the effectiveness of domestic punishment and reward. The rise of elite polarisation in many democracies undermines voters’ ability to sanction leaders through elections. Linking data on international crises to domestic polarisation, we find that leaders are more likely to be involved in the initiation of inter-state disputes, resulting disputes will be more likely to result in prolonged conflict, and ultimately that foreign policy outcomes exhibit greater variance. Results from our analysis and extensive robustness checks demonstrate evidence that increased dispersion of preferences among key actors can lead to extreme and negative foreign policy outcomes as electoral mechanisms fail to reign in and hold governing parties to account.

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“…The spatial expansion by roving industrial fleets was soon considered an encroachment on the marine resources of coastal countries, particularly where nearshore resources were concerned. This became a serious issue during the ‘cod wars’ off Iceland between the late 1950s and mid-1970s (Bonfil et al , 1998; Kurlansky, 1997; Steinsson, 2016). Thankfully, in the two decades following World War II, the newly created United Nations system provided a venue for the rational discussion on the governance of fisheries and other maritime affairs.…”

Section: Where We Came From In Fisheriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoint: Back to the future for fisheries, where will we choose to go?

Zeller

Pauly

2019

Glob. Sustain.

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We present a view on global marine fisheries that emphasizes mitigating the conflict between sustainability and the scale of industrial exploitation driven by the demand of continuous economic growth. We then summarize the current state of global fisheries. Finally, we advocate strongly for scaling back industrial fisheries, most of which are non-sustainable. This can be achieved through eliminating the harmful, capacity-enhancing subsidies that prop up industrial fisheries to continue operating despite declining fish stocks. Instead, we propose to support well-managed, locally owned and operated small-scale fisheries, which generally contribute more to local employment and food security. We stress that contrary to deep-seated opinion in the fishing industry and among politicians, reducing overfishing by eliminating overcapacity in fishing fleets will actually lead to greater, not reduced catches. This would address part of the increased global seafood demand over the coming decades, which is driven by population and wealth growth. This seems counterintuitive, but is supported by fisheries science, data and experiences. Thankfully, we are beginning to see that some of these changes are being pursued by a growing number of countries and international institutions.

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The Cod Wars: a re-analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

COVID-19 provides an opportunity to advance a sustainable UK fisheries policy in a post-Brexit brave new world

COVID-19 provides an opportunity to advance a sustainable UK fisheries policy in a post-Brexit brave new world

Polarisation, accountability, and interstate conflict

Viewpoint: Back to the future for fisheries, where will we choose to go?

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