The CO2-Vadose Project: Dynamics of the natural CO2 in a carbonate vadose zone

Loisy, Corinne; Cohen, Grégory; Laveuf, Cédric; Roux, Olivier Le; Delaplace, Philippe; Magnier, Caroline; Rouchon, Virgile; Cérepi, Adrian; García, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.12.017

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Figure 6 confirms that a decrease in soil water content enhances gas diffusion through the empty pores. As demonstrated previously by other authors (e.g., Fang and Moncrieff, 1998;Loisy et al, 2013;Sanci et al, 2009), increasing water content in soils produces a decrease in air-filled porosity, causing a reduction in CO2 flux through the soil.…”

Section: Co2 Gaseous Diffusion Coefficientsupporting

confidence: 62%

Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach

Pla

Cuezva

Martı́nez-Martı́nez

et al. 2017

CATENA

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The soils above caves represent a membrane that regulates the connection between the underground environment and the outside atmosphere. In this study, soils from two different field sites (Cueva de Altamira and Cueva del Rull in Spain) are investigated. Field results are analysed and linked to laboratory tests. Several laboratory experiments are performed to quantify CO2 diffusion coefficients and water infiltration rates in these soils under different degrees of soil water saturation and compaction.Tests confirm that the grain size distribution, organic matter content, mineral composition and water content of soils affect gas transport through the soil pore network. Both field and lab results reveal that Altamira soil has a coarser texture and therefore has higher CO 2 diffusion coefficients, infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivity values than Rull soil. Rull soil contains a higher proportion of fine particles and organic matter, which explains the lower fluid transport coefficients.When soils are near saturation, fluid transport does not depend on the physical properties of soil but depends on the soil water content. In this state, liquid transport regulates the available space within the soil pores, which leads to a reduction in the gaseous diffusion coefficient of the soil. After rainfall episodes, the connection between the exterior atmosphere and underground cavities is hindered due to a rise in the soil water content, which is responsible for the closure of the overlying membrane. This study demonstrates that soil-produced CO2 reaches the underground atmosphere through diffusion processes that are controlled by the intrinsic properties of soil (porosity, grain size distribution, texture, mineralogy and organic matter content) and soil water content.

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Section: Co2 Gaseous Diffusion Coefficientsupporting

confidence: 62%

Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach

Pla

Cuezva

Martı́nez-Martı́nez

et al. 2017

CATENA

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“…The last aspect to investigate is the impact on the vadose zone: a field study was carried out in an old quarry of the St-Emilion village (France) but with no aspect concerning the behavior of TE in those specific hydrologic conditions Garcia et al, 2013;Le Roux et al, 2013;Loisy et al, 2013).…”

Section: Extrapolation To a Co 2 Storage Context And Possiblementioning

confidence: 99%

Zn(II), Mn(II) and Sr(II) Behavior in a Natural Carbonate Reservoir System. Part II: Impact of Geological CO₂Storage Conditions

Auffray

García

Lienemann

et al. 2016

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-Some key points still prevent the full development of geological carbon sequestration in underground formations, especially concerning the assessment of the integrity of such storage. Indeed, the consequences of gas injection on chemistry and petrophysical properties are still much discussed in the scientific community, and are still not well known at either laboratory or field scale. In this article, the results of an experimental study about the mobilization of Trace Elements (TE) during CO 2 injection in a reservoir are presented. The experimental conditions range from typical storage formation conditions (90 bar, supercritical CO 2 ) to shallower conditions (60 and 30 bar, CO 2 as gas phase), and consider the dissolution of the two carbonates, coupled with the sorption of an initial concentration of 10 À5 M of Zn(II), and the consequent release in solution of Mn(II) and Sr(II). The investigation goes beyond the sole behavior of TE in the storage conditions: it presents the specific behavior of each element with respect to the pressure and the natural carbonate considered, showing that different equilibrium concentrations are to be expected if a fluid with a given concentration of TE leaks to an upper formation. Even though sorption is evidenced, it does not balance the amount of TE released by the dissolution process. The increase in porosity is clearly evidenced as a linear function of the CO 2 pressure imposed for the St-Emilion carbonate. For the Lavoux carbonate, this trend is not confirmed by the 90 bar experiment. A preferential dissolution of the bigger family of pores from the preexisting porosity is observed in one of the samples (Lavoux carbonate) while the second one (St-Emilion carbonate) presents a newly-formed family of pores. Both reacted samples evidence that the pore network evolves toward a tubular network type.

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“…More information concerning the St-Emilion site and this carbonate are available in the articles concerning the CO 2 -Vadose project (Loisy et al, 2013). Previous to all analyses and experiments, the carbonates are crushed and sieved to recover the 10-100 lm fraction with an average grain diameter of 40 lm.…”

Section: Samples Origin and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zn(II), Mn(II) and Sr(II) Behavior in a Natural Carbonate Reservoir System. Part I: Impact of Salinity, Initial pH and Initial Zn(II) Concentration in Atmospheric Conditions

Auffray

García

Lienemann

et al. 2016

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-The sorption of inorganic elements on carbonate minerals is well known in strictly controlled conditions which limit the impact of other phenomena such as dissolution and/or precipitation. In this study, we evidence the behavior of Zn(II) (initially in solution) and two trace elements, Mn(II) and Sr(II) (released by carbonate dissolution) in the context of a leakage from a CO 2 storage site. The initial pH chosen are either equal to the pH of the water-CO 2 equilibrium (~2.98) or equal to the pH of the water-CO 2 -calcite system (~4.8) in CO 2 storage conditions. From this initial influx of liquid, saturated or not with respect to calcite, the batch experiments evolve freely to their equilibrium, as it would occur in a natural context after a perturbation. The batch experiments are carried out on two natural carbonates (from Lavoux and St-Emilion) with P CO 2 = 10 À3.5 bar, with different initial conditions ([Zn(II)] i from 10 À4 to 10 À6 M, either with pure water or 100 g/L NaCl brine). The equilibrium regarding calcite dissolution is confirmed in all experiments, while the zinc sorption evidenced does not always correspond to the two-step mechanism described in the literature. A preferential sorption of about 10% of the concentration is evidenced for Mn(II) in aqueous experiments, while Sr(II) is more sorbed in saline conditions. This study also shows that this preferential sorption, depending on the salinity, is independent of the natural carbonate considered. Then, the simulations carried out with PHREEQC show that experiments and simulations match well concerning the equilibrium of dissolution and the sole zinc sorption, with log K Zn(II)~2 in pure water and close to 4 in high salinity conditions. When the simulations were possible, the log K values for Mn(II) and Sr(II) were much different from those in the literature obtained by sorption in controlled conditions. It is shown that a new conceptual model regarding multiple Trace Elements (TE) sorption is required, to enable us to better understand the fate of contaminants in natural systems.

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The CO2-Vadose Project: Dynamics of the natural CO2 in a carbonate vadose zone

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach

Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach

Zn(II), Mn(II) and Sr(II) Behavior in a Natural Carbonate Reservoir System. Part II: Impact of Geological CO₂Storage Conditions

Zn(II), Mn(II) and Sr(II) Behavior in a Natural Carbonate Reservoir System. Part I: Impact of Salinity, Initial pH and Initial Zn(II) Concentration in Atmospheric Conditions

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The CO2-Vadose Project: Dynamics of the natural CO2 in a carbonate vadose zone

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach

Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach

Zn(II), Mn(II) and Sr(II) Behavior in a Natural Carbonate Reservoir System. Part II: Impact of Geological CO2Storage Conditions

Zn(II), Mn(II) and Sr(II) Behavior in a Natural Carbonate Reservoir System. Part I: Impact of Salinity, Initial pH and Initial Zn(II) Concentration in Atmospheric Conditions

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Zn(II), Mn(II) and Sr(II) Behavior in a Natural Carbonate Reservoir System. Part II: Impact of Geological CO₂Storage Conditions