The co-ordination between respiration and wing beats in birds

Berger, Martin; Roy, O. Z.; Hart, J. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00297778

Cited by 61 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Finally, the coordination of rhythmic sensorimotor behaviors could be also advantageous from a bioenergetics standpoint. For instance, a classic exploration of the relationship between breathing and locomotion (Alexander, 1993; Bramble and Jenkins, 1993) or wing beats (Berger et al, 1970) revealed complex patterns of rhythmic coordination critical for efficient respiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Modes of Phase Locking between Sniffing and Whisking during Active Exploration

Ranade¹,

Hangya²,

Kepecs³

2013

J. Neurosci.

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Sense organs are often actively controlled by motor processes and such active sensing profoundly shapes the timing of sensory information flow. The temporal coordination between different active sensing processes is less well understood but is essential for multisensory integration, coordination between brain regions, and energetically optimal sampling strategies. Here we studied the coordination between sniffing and whisking, the motor processes in rodents that control the acquisition of smell and touch information, respectively. Sniffing, high frequency respiratory bouts, and whisking, rapid back and forth movements of mystacial whiskers, occur in the same theta frequency range (4-12 Hz) leading to a hypothesis that these sensorimotor rhythms are phase-locked. To test this, we monitored sniffing using a thermocouple in the nasal cavity and whisking with an electromyogram (EMG) of the mystacial pad in rats engaged in an open field reward foraging behavior. During bouts of exploration, sniffing and whisking showed strong one-to-one phase-locking within the theta frequency range (4-12 Hz). Interestingly, we also observed multi-mode phase-locking with multiple whisks within a sniff cycle or multiple sniffs within a whisk cycle – always at the same preferred phase. This specific phase relationship coupled the acquisition phases of the two sensorimotor rhythms, inhalation and whisker protraction. Our results suggest that sniffing and whisking may be under the control of interdependent rhythm generators that dynamically coordinate active acquisition of olfactory and somatosensory information.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Modes of Phase Locking between Sniffing and Whisking during Active Exploration

Ranade¹,

Hangya²,

Kepecs³

2013

J. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…In all animals the timing of rhythmic muscle activity during simultaneous repetitive motor behaviors is well coordinated (von Holst 1935, 1943; Kutsch 1969; Syed and Winlow 1991; Dick et al 1993; Chrachri and Neil 1993; Ramirez 1998; Boggs 2002; Moore et al 2014; Stein 2018). The coupling between the motor cycles can range from strict synchrony in absolute coordination to periodic phase coupling as in relative coordination (von Holst 1935; Berger et al 1970; Bramble and Carrier 1983; Kawahara et al 1989; Paripovic et al 1996; Moore et al 2014; Hao and Berkowitz 2017). Repetitive motor activity is generally produced by central pattern generators (CPGs), networks of interneurons within the central nervous system that generate rhythmic activity, even in the absence of sensory feedback (Delcomyn 1980; Marder and Bucher 2001; Mulloney and Smarandache 2010; Selverston 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedforward discharges couple the singing central pattern generator and ventilation central pattern generator in the cricket abdominal central nervous system

Schöneich

Hedwig

2019

J Comp Physiol A

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We investigated the central nervous coordination between singing motor activity and abdominal ventilatory pumping in crickets. Fictive singing, with sensory feedback removed, was elicited by eserine-microinjection into the brain, and the motor activity underlying singing and abdominal ventilation was recorded with extracellular electrodes. During singing, expiratory abdominal muscle activity is tightly phase coupled to the chirping pattern. Occasional temporary desynchronization of the two motor patterns indicate discrete central pattern generator (CPG) networks that can operate independently. Intracellular recordings revealed a sub-threshold depolarization in phase with the ventilatory cycle in a singing-CPG interneuron, and in a ventilation-CPG interneuron an excitatory input in phase with each syllable of the chirps. Inhibitory synaptic inputs coupled to the syllables of the singing motor pattern were present in another ventilatory interneuron, which is not part of the ventilation-CPG. Our recordings suggest that the two centrally generated motor patterns are coordinated by reciprocal feedforward discharges from the singing-CPG to the ventilation-CPG and vice versa. Consequently, expiratory contraction of the abdomen usually occurs in phase with the chirps and ventilation accelerates during singing due to entrainment by the faster chirp cycle.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…According to [27], the frequency of wing beats is higher during the ascending phase (10.7 Hz) than during the level phase (7.2 to 9.0 Hz) in skylarks. In many species, wing beat frequency is correlated with respiratory rate [28] [29]. In addition, the take-off phase in birds is assumed to be more costly in energy than the phase of level flight (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight Phases in the Song of Skylarks: Impact on Acoustic Parameters and Coding Strategy

et al. 2013

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Skylarks inhabit open fields and perform an aerial song display which serves as a territorial signal. The particularly long and elaborate structure of this song flight raises questions about the impact of physical and energetic constraints acting on a communication signal. Song produced during the three distinct phases of the flight - ascending, level and descending phase could be subject to different constraints, serve different functions and encode different types of information. We compared song parameters during the ascending and the level phases. We found that the structure of the song varied with the phase of the flight. In particular, song had a higher tempo when skylarks were ascending which might be related to higher oxygen and energetic demands. We also explored which phase of the song flight might encode individuality. Earlier studies reported that skylarks reduced their territorial response to established neighbours if the neighbour song was broadcasted from the correct adjacent boundary, but reacted aggressively if the neighbour songs were broadcasted from an incorrect boundary (mimicking a displaced neighbour). Such differential response provides some evidence for individual recognition. Here, we exposed subjects to playback stimuli of neighbour song in which we had replaced either the song produced during the level or the ascending phase by the relevant song of the neighbour from the incorrect border. Singing response was higher towards stimuli in which the ‘level phase song’ was replaced, indicating that skylarks could be able to recognise their neighbours based on song of this phase. Thus, individuality seems to be primarily coded in the level phase of the flight song.

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The co-ordination between respiration and wing beats in birds

Cited by 61 publications

References 7 publications

Multiple Modes of Phase Locking between Sniffing and Whisking during Active Exploration

Multiple Modes of Phase Locking between Sniffing and Whisking during Active Exploration

Feedforward discharges couple the singing central pattern generator and ventilation central pattern generator in the cricket abdominal central nervous system

Flight Phases in the Song of Skylarks: Impact on Acoustic Parameters and Coding Strategy

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