The co-occurrence of leukemoid reaction and hypercalcemia in a patient with endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Paraneoplastic syndromes are rarely seen in gynecological tumors especially in endometrial cancer. Early identification of paraneoplastic syndromes plays a significant role in the treatment and prognosis of cancer. Here, we reported a rare case with endometrial cancer with a 2.7 cm × 2.2 cm × 3.4 cm lesion in the posterior cervix presenting leukemoid reaction and hypercalcemia as paraneoplastic syndromes simultaneously. During the progress of the endometrial cancer, her leukocyte level rose up to 60.7 × 109/L after anti-infection treatment. Meanwhile, the patient represented a series of severe clinical situation including hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis. and respiratory failure. Finally, the patient died of respiratory circulatory failure 2 weeks later. In addition to symptomatic treatment, possible treatment targeted on the primary tumor as early as possible might help to improve the clinical prognosis.

Case Report: Cord blood-derived natural killer cells as new potential immunotherapy drug for solid tumor: a case study for endometrial cancer

“…To our knowledge, there have been only a few reported cases of EC with LR, which were mainly found in advanced stages and had a poor prognosis (13). Malignant tumors with LR typically respond poorly to chemotherapy, resulting in a short survival time for patients (14).…”

Hypercalcemia-Leukocytosis Syndrome and Adenosquamous Lung Carcinoma: an Overlooked Conjugation

“…Finally, concomitant hypercalcaemia and leukocytosis, forming a paraneoplastic syndrome of hypercalcaemialeukocytosis, was first pointed in tumours of the oral cavity [29] and later confirmed in lung tumours [4]. Its occurrence has also been described in other types of cancer, including carcinoma of the skin [30], bone [31], penis [32], urothelium [33], endometrium [34], tongue [35] and cholangiocarcinoma [36]. Its incidence is lower (0.5% of lung neoplasms at presentation) and associated with worse prognosis than isolated hypercalcaemia but not different from leukocytosis alone [3].…”