The co-occurrence of epilepsy and autism: A systematic review

Lukmanji, Sara; Manji, Sofiya; Kadhim, Sandra; Sauro, Khara M.; Wirrell, Elaine; Kwon, Churl Su; Jetté, Nathalie

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.037

Cited by 135 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is consistent with other clinical samples with high neurological risk, such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy. 40,41 Specific demographic (gender, race/ethnicity) and medical factors (prematurity, neurological risk) in this sample were not related to being at risk for autism. Compared to the overall clinical sample, the subsample at risk for autism was qualitatively younger and required more community and academic services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Implementing standard screening for autism spectrum disorder in CHD

et al. 2020

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Introduction: While the overall prevalence of autism is 1.7% in the United States of America, research has demonstrated a two- to five-fold increase in CHD. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative recommends screening for autism from infancy through adolescence. This study investigated the frequency of autism concerns at a single Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Program and examined current clinical practice as a way to improve quality of care. Materials and methods: Patients (n = 134; mean age = 9.0 years) included children with high-risk CHD who completed a neurodevelopmental evaluation following a formalised referral to the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Program between 2018 and 2019. Retrospective chart review included parent report on the Behaviour Assessment System for Children-3 and Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System-3. Descriptive and correlation analyses were completed. Results: In this sample, 11.2% presented with autism-related concerns at referral, 2 were diagnosed with autism, 9 were referred to an autism specialist (6 confirmed diagnosis; 3 not completed). Thus, at least 5.9% of the sample were diagnosed with autism following thorough clinical evaluation. Analyses showed atypicality, along with deficient adaptability, leisure, social, and communication skills. Frequency of early intervention, school supports, and relation with comorbidities are reported. Discussion: Prior to assessment recommendations by the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative, autism screening may not be completed systematically in clinical care for CHD. The current sample demonstrates a high frequency of autism in the typically referred clinical sample. Commonly used parent-report measures may reveal concerns but will not help diagnosis. Systematic use of an autism screener is essential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Implementing standard screening for autism spectrum disorder in CHD

et al. 2020

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“…Several perinatal risk factors lead to neurological vulnerability, increasing the risk for autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions 31. The same factors can account for the 12.1% of autism cases where epilepsy is also present 79. Some of the perinatal factors that increase the risk of autism are birth injury or trauma (relative risk 4.90, 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 16.94) and low birth weight (<2500 g) (relative risk 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 2.33),80 caesarean section (pooled adjusted odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.40),81 and umbilical cord complications (pooled relative risk 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.24) 80.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Elsabbagh

2020

BMJ

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Autism spectrum disorder (referred to here as autism) is one of several overlapping neurodevelopmental conditions that have variable impacts on different individuals. This variability results from dynamic interactions between biological and non-biological risk factors, which result in increasing differentiation between individuals over time. Although this differentiation continues well into adulthood, the infancy period is when the brain and behavior develop rapidly, and when the first signs and symptoms of autism emerge. This review discusses advances in our understanding of the causal pathways leading to autism and overlapping neurodevelopmental conditions. Research is also mapping trajectories of brain and behavioral development for some risk groups, namely later born siblings of children with autism and/or infants referred because of developmental concerns. This knowledge has been useful in improving early identification and establishing the feasibility of targeted interventions for infant risk groups before symptoms arise. However, key knowledge gaps remain, such as the discovery of protective factors (biological or environmental) that may mitigate the impact of risk. Also, the dynamic mechanisms that underlie the associations between risk factors and outcomes need further research. These include the processes of resilience, which may explain why some individuals at risk for autism achieve better than expected outcomes. Bridging these knowledge gaps would help to provide tools for early identification and intervention that reflect dynamic developmental pathways from risk to outcomes.

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“…Recently, the prevalence of ASD has dramatically increased, reaching 1:37 children in the United States [2]. The severity of autistic features as well as the incidence of comorbid illnesses, which include intellectual disability, anxiety, epilepsy, and gastrointestinal disorders, greatly differ among individuals with autism [3][4][5][6]. ASD is currently diagnosed by observing common autistic behaviors in children [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evaluation of a novel nine-biomarker profile for the prediction of autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2020

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BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders the prevalence of which has been in the rise in the past decade. In an attempt to better target the basic causes of ASD for diagnosis and treatment, efforts to identify reliable biomarkers related to the body's metabolism are increasing. Despite an increase in identifying biomarkers in ASD, there are none so far with enough evidence to be used in routine clinical examination, unless medical illness is suspected. Promising biomarkers include those of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. Methods and participantsSodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Coenzyme Q10, and melatonin (MLTN) were evaluated in 13 participants with ASD and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Additionally, five ratios, which include Na + /K + , GSH:GST, CK:Cas7, CoQ10: Cas 7, and Cas7: MLTN, were tested to measure their predictive values in discriminating between autistic individuals and controls. These markers, either in absolute values, as five ratios, or combined (9 markers + 5 ratios) were subjected to a principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS), and hierarchical clustering, which are helpful statistical tools in the field of biomarkers. OPEN ACCESSCitation: El-Ansary A, Hassan WM, Daghestani M, Al-Ayadhi L, Ben Bacha A (2020) Preliminary evaluation of a novel nine-biomarker profile for the prediction of autism spectrum disorder. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227626. https://doi.org/10.

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The co-occurrence of epilepsy and autism: A systematic review

Cited by 135 publications

References 42 publications

Implementing standard screening for autism spectrum disorder in CHD

Implementing standard screening for autism spectrum disorder in CHD

Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: is there evidence for resilience?

Preliminary evaluation of a novel nine-biomarker profile for the prediction of autism spectrum disorder

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