The CO Luminosity Density at High-z (COLDz) Survey: A Sensitive, Large-area Blind Search for Low-J CO Emission from Cold Gas in the Early Universe with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array

Pavesi, Riccardo; Sharon, Chelsea E.; Riechers, Dominik A.; Hodge, J. A.; Decarli, Roberto; Walter, Fabian; Carilli, C. L.; Daddi, E.; Smail, Ian; Dickinson, Mark; Ivison, R. J.; Sargent, M.; Cunha, Elisabete da; Aravena, M.; Darling, Jeremy; Smolčić, Vernesa; Scoville, N. Z.; Capak, P.; Wagg, Jeff

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacb79

Cited by 95 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(391 reference statements)

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“…This sample represents a significant increase in the number of CO(1-0) detections at high redshift with ∼ 50 sources at z > 1 having been detected previously (e.g. supplementary table of Carilli & Walter 2013), out of which 20 sources are unlensed (e.g Emonts et al 2013;Aravena et al 2014;Bolatto et al 2015;Huynh et al 2017;Pavesi et al 2018). The fact that our sources are unlensed avoids potential complications involving differential lensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The Molecular Gas Reservoirs of z ∼ 2 Galaxies: A Comparison of CO(1−0) and Dust-based Molecular Gas Masses

Kaasinen

Scoville

Walter

et al. 2019

ApJ

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We test the use of long-wavelength dust continuum emission as a molecular gas tracer at high redshift, via a unique sample of 12, z ∼ 2 galaxies with observations of both the dust continuum and CO(1-0) line emission (obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, respectively). Our work is motivated by recent, high redshift studies that measure molecular gas masses (M mol ) via a calibration of the rest-frame 850µm luminosity (L 850µm,rest ) against the CO(1-0)-derived M mol of star-forming galaxies. We hereby test whether this method is valid for the types of high-redshift, star-forming galaxies to which it has been applied. We recover a clear correlation between the rest-frame 850µm luminosity, inferred from the singleband, long-wavelength flux, and the CO(1-0) line luminosity, consistent with the samples used to perform the 850µm calibration. The molecular gas masses, derived from L 850µm,rest , agree to within a factor of two with those derived from CO(1-0). We show that this factor of two uncertainty can arise from the values of the dust emissivity index and temperature that need to be assumed in order to extrapolate from the observed frequency to the rest-frame at 850µm. The extrapolation to 850µm therefore has a smaller effect on the accuracy of M mol derived via single-band dust-continuum observations than the assumed CO(1-0)-to-M mol conversion factor. We therefore conclude that single-band observations of long-wavelength dust emission can be used to reliably constrain the molecular gas masses of massive, star-forming galaxies at z 2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The Molecular Gas Reservoirs of z ∼ 2 Galaxies: A Comparison of CO(1−0) and Dust-based Molecular Gas Masses

Kaasinen

Scoville

Walter

et al. 2019

ApJ

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“…Pioneering observations of the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N) with the Plateau de Bureau Interferometer (PdBI), covering the full 3mm band, led to the first estimates of the CO luminosity functions (LF) at high redshift and the first constraints on the cosmic density of molecular gas Decarli et al 2014). More recently, observations with the Karl Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at centimeter wavelengths in the COSMOS field and the HDF-N have allowed to cover larger areas, enabling the characterization of larger samples of gas rich galaxies, and providing tighter constraints on the CO LF and the evolution of the cosmic density of molecular gas (Pavesi et al 2018;Riechers et al 2019). The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey (ASPECS) is the first contiguous molecular survey of distant galaxies performed with ALMA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Evolution of the Molecular Gas in CO-selected Galaxies

Aravena

Decarli²,

González-López

et al. 2019

ApJ

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100

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2Aravena et al.We analyze the interstellar medium properties of a sample of sixteen bright CO line emitting galaxies identified in the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS) Large Program. This CO−selected galaxy sample is complemented by two additional CO line emitters in the UDF that are identified based on their MUSE optical spectroscopic redshifts. The ASPECS CO−selected galaxies cover a larger range of star-formation rates and stellar masses compared to literature CO emitting galaxies at z > 1 for which scaling relations have been established previously. Most of ASPECS CO-selected galaxies follow these established relations in terms of gas depletion timescales and gas fractions as a function of redshift, as well as the star-formation rate-stellar mass relation ('galaxy main sequence'). However, we find that ∼ 30% of the galaxies (5 out of 16) are offset from the galaxy main sequence at their respective redshift, with ∼ 12% (2 out of 16) falling below this relationship. Some CO-rich galaxies exhibit low star-formation rates, and yet show substantial molecular gas reservoirs, yielding long gas depletion timescales. Capitalizing on the well-defined cosmic volume probed by our observations, we measure the contribution of galaxies above, below, and on the galaxy main sequence to the total cosmic molecular gas density at different lookback times. We conclude that main sequence galaxies are the largest contributor to the molecular gas density at any redshift probed by our observations (z∼1−3). The respective contribution by starburst galaxies above the main sequence decreases from z∼2.5 to z∼1, whereas we find tentative evidence for an increased contribution to the cosmic molecular gas density from the passive galaxies below the main sequence.

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“…More recently, the COLDz project (> 300 hours of observations on the JVLA) covered a ∼ 48 armin 2 area in GOODS-N and a ∼ 8 arcmin 2 area in COSMOS in the 30 − 38 GHz frequency range, targeting CO (1 − 0) at z ∼ 2 − 2.8 and CO (2 − 1) at z ∼ 4.9 − 6.7 (Pavesi et al 2018). This survey provides constraints for the CO luminosity function at z > 2 ( Riechers et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plateau de Bure High-z Blue Sequence Survey 2 (PHIBSS2): Search for Secondary Sources, CO Luminosity Functions in the Field, and the Evolution of Molecular Gas Density through Cosmic Time*

Lenkić

Bolatto

Schreiber

et al. 2020

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We report on the results of a search for serendipitous sources in CO emission in 110 cubes targeting CO (2 − 1), CO (3 − 2), and CO (6 − 5) at z ∼ 1 − 2 from the second Plateau de Bure High-z Blue-Sequence Survey (PHIBSS2). The PHIBSS2 observations were part of a 4-year legacy program at the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer aimed at studying early galaxy evolution from the perspective of molecular gas reservoirs. We present a catalog of 67 candidate secondary sources from this search, with 45 out of the 110 data cubes showing sources in addition to the primary target that appear to be field detections, unrelated to the central sources. This catalog includes the redshifts, line widths, fluxes, as well as an estimation of their reliability based on their false positive probability. We perform a search in the 3D-HST/CANDELS catalogs for the secondary CO detections and tentatively find that ∼ 64% of these have optical counterparts, which we use to constrain their redshifts. Finally, we use our catalog of candidate CO detections to derive the CO (2 − 1), CO (3 − 2), CO (4 − 3), CO (5 − 4), and CO (6 − 5) luminosity functions over a range of redshifts, as well as the molecular gas mass density evolution. Despite the different methodology, these results are in very good agreement with previous observational constraints derived from blind searches in deep fields. They provide an example of the type of "deep field" science that can be carried out with targeted observations.

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The CO Luminosity Density at High-z (COLDz) Survey: A Sensitive, Large-area Blind Search for Low-J CO Emission from Cold Gas in the Early Universe with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array

Cited by 95 publications

References 122 publications

The Molecular Gas Reservoirs of z ∼ 2 Galaxies: A Comparison of CO(1−0) and Dust-based Molecular Gas Masses

The Molecular Gas Reservoirs of z ∼ 2 Galaxies: A Comparison of CO(1−0) and Dust-based Molecular Gas Masses

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Evolution of the Molecular Gas in CO-selected Galaxies

Plateau de Bure High-z Blue Sequence Survey 2 (PHIBSS2): Search for Secondary Sources, CO Luminosity Functions in the Field, and the Evolution of Molecular Gas Density through Cosmic Time*

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