The Co-Creation-Wheel

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to design and validate a conceptual and practical model of co-creation. Co-creation, to design collaborative new products, services and processes in contact with users, has become more and more important because organisations increasingly require multidisciplinary collaboration inside and outside the organisation to respond to challenges and create added value. Design/methodology/approach This is a design and validation study, which uses mixed-methods, a reconstructive design and a semi-structured interview with a questionnaire as validation. The designed model is validated by 14 scholars and practitioners across fields. Findings Designed is a conceptual and practical model, the four-dimensional Co-Creation-Wheel, which contains success factors for co-creation: 12 internal team factors plus 4 external conditions and a core. The validation study of this model, scientifically and as a practical instrument, supported the importance of the components of the model and suggested slight improvements. This resulted in a refinement of the first designed Co-Creation-Wheel. Research limitations/implications Although restricted usefulness to large-scale structured innovation practices was expected, the instrument has a broader reach. First applications demonstrate that this Co-Creation-Wheel is multifunctional and international. It inspires, supports reflection of collaboration, stimulates interventions to enhance co-creation practices and human resource development (HRD) activities and is able to measure the quality of co-creation elements. Further research on its effects in co-creation practices is necessary, especially on the role of HRD in co-creation.. Originality/value This study is the first to design and validate a multifaceted, holistic conceptual and practical model of co-creation that is easy to use for innovators in practice and is multifunctional.

Conditions for Co-Creation in Infrastructure Projects: Experiences from the Overdiepse Polder Project (The Netherlands)

“…Literature shows that important for co-creation processes are also the characteristics of the stakeholders involved and the quality of their relationship [7,20,26]. This is consistent with Catmull [50] (p. 74) who notes that "getting the right team is the necessary precursor to getting the right ideas [ .…”

“…In literature [7,9,20,21], a number of enabling or hindering conditions for co-creation have been discussed. To structure our study, we classified them in 'contextual conditions' and 'characteristics of the stakeholders and the quality of their relationship' as summarized in Table 1.…”

“…Contextual conditions Crisis situation and a sense of urgency Enabling [7,20,[22][23][24][25] Imbalance of power, authority, and resources Hindering [9,22,24,[26][27][28][29][30][31] History of relations (level of initial trust)…”

“…• No antecedents or antecedents of hostile relations • Antecedents of positive relations Hindering Enabling [22][23][24][32][33][34] Characteristics of stakeholders and quality of their relationship Diversity of stakeholders Enabling/hindering [3,[35][36][37][38][39] Attitude of stakeholders Enabling/hindering [7,40,41] Leadership Enabling [20,22,27,36,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] The contextual conditions refer to the set of specific or unique circumstances or factors that may influence the inception and trajectory of a co-creation process, thus becoming either resources or liabilities during collaboration [7,22,26]. Regarding this, literature [23][24][25] suggests that a crisis situation, triggered by turbulent environments and events, or by the failure of an actor or sector to solve a problem independently, leads to a shared sense of urgency that stimulates those affected to work together for finding a solution.…”

“…Regarding this, literature [23][24][25] suggests that a crisis situation, triggered by turbulent environments and events, or by the failure of an actor or sector to solve a problem independently, leads to a shared sense of urgency that stimulates those affected to work together for finding a solution. Ehlen et al [20] even suggest that urgency represents the starting point of co-creation.…”