“…Findings of such electrophysiological investigations were nosologically nonspecific: Observations of depressives in comparison to schizophrenic patients suggested a trend toward smaller Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and a tendency to produce prolonged Postimperative Negative Variations (PINV) (Abraham & McCallum, 1976;Bolz & Giedke, 1980;Claverie, Brun, Nizard, Brenot, & Paty, 1984;Elton, DeJong, & Ferstl, 1980;Rizzo et aI., 1979;Roth, Duncan, Pfefferbaum, & Timsit-Berthier, 1986;Sartory, 1986;Small & Small, 1971;Timsit-Berthier, Delaunoy, Koninckx, & Rousseau, 1973;Timsit-Berthier et aI., 1986). In normals this PINV occurs only in experimental situations of unexpected contingencies or loss of control over aversive events or unpredictably gained control (Kathmann, Jonitz, & Engel, 1990).…”