The clock as a focus of selective attention in those with primary insomnia: An experimental study using a modified Posner paradigm

Woods, Heather; Marchetti, L M; Biello, Stephany M.; Espie, Colin A.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.009

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The majority of this work supports the notion that poor sleepers show an attentional bias for sleep-related stimuli relative to good sleeper controls. Consistent with these results, altered emotional responses to sleep-related stimuli have been reported in people with insomnia as compared to good sleepers.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Sleep-Related Arousal Versus General Cognitive Arousal in Primary Insomnia

Spiegelhalder

Regen

Feige

et al. 2012

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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have investigated attentional preference for sleep-related cues in primary insomnia using computerized tasks. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The majority of this work supports the notion that poor sleepers show an attentional bias for sleep-related stimuli relative to good sleeper controls. Consistent with these results, altered emotional responses to sleep-related stimuli have been reported in people with insomnia as compared to good sleepers. 27 Of note, studies on anxiety suggest a direct causal link from facilitated selective attention to worry. 28Although an enhanced attentional focus towards sleep-related cues may be involved in the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia, several important questions have not been answered up to now. First, little effort has been made to investigate the relationship between cognitive arousal and objectively determined sleep parameters, and the studies that have been carried out have reported inconsistent results. For example, van Egeren et al.14 found no signifi cant correlation between pre-sleep cognitive activity and polysomnographiStudy Objectives: The present study aimed at further investigating trait aspects of sleep-related cognitive arousal and general cognitive arousal and their association with both objective and subjective sleep parameters in primary insomnia patients. Methods: A clinical sample of 182 primary insomnia patients and 54 healthy controls was investigated using 2 nights of polysomnography, subjective sleep variables, and a questionnaire on sleep-related and general cognitive arousal. Results: Compared to healthy controls, primary insomnia patients showed both more sleep-related and general cognitive arousal. Furthermore, sleep-related cognitive arousal was closely associated with measures of sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance problems, while general cognitive arousal was not. Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia might benefi t from dedicating more effort to psychological interventions that are able to reduce sleep-related cognitive arousal. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Germany S C I E N T I F I C I N V E S T I G A T I O N SI nsomnia is one of the most prevalent health complaints worldwide. It is defi ned by diffi culties initiating or maintaining sleep or non-restorative sleep, accompanied by signifi cant daytime impairments.1 Chronic insomnia affects up to 22% of the population 2 and commonly occurs as a comorbid condition in other medical or mental disorders. Primary insomnia, an exclusionary diagnosis of poor sleep, ruling out psychiatric, medical, and additional sleep-related pathology, 3 is estimated to affect up to 3% of the population. 4 Current models of primary insomnia highlight the role of cognitive, emotional, and physiological hyperarousal for the development and maintenance of the disorder. [5][6][7][8][9] With respect to cognitive processes, patients' cognitions are often dominated by worries and ruminations that are associated with a level of arousal that ...

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Sleep-Related Arousal Versus General Cognitive Arousal in Primary Insomnia

Spiegelhalder

Regen

Feige

et al. 2012

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…Out of the 13 studies, 10 adopted a single attentional bias paradigm: four studies used the emotional Stroop (Barclay & Ellis 2013;Lundh et al, 1997;Sagaspe et al, 2006;Taylor, Espie, & White, 2003), three used the dot-probe (Jansson-Fröjmark, Bermås, & Kjellén, 2012;Richardson, Gradisar, & Pulford, 2014), two used the induced change blindness (Flicker) paradigm (Jones, Macphee, Broomfield, Jones, & Espie, 2005;Marchetti, Biello, Broomfield, MacMahon, & Espie, 2006), and one used the posner paradigm (Woods, Marchetti, Biello, and Espie, 2009) [see Table 1 for a description of each task]. Three out of the 13 studies used a combination of two attentional bias tasks: two studies used an emotional Stroop, and a mixed modality (visual-auditory) task (Spiegelhalder, Espie, Nissen, & Riemann, 2008;Spiegelhalder, Espie, & Riemann, 2009), and one study used both emotional Stroop and dot-probe tasks (Spiegelhalder et al, 2010).…”

Section: Task Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fast RTs on valid trials suggest enhanced engagement with the cue stimulus, whereas longer RTs on invalid trials indicate delayed disengagement from the stimulus. Woods et al, 2009) -PSQI for sleep quality (mean score = 4.4). SSS to assess sleepiness level (mean score = 2.7).…”

Section: Posnermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nature of attention bias with respect to vigilance for and disengagement from sleeprelevant cues (cf.Jansson-Frojmark et al, 2012;Woods et al, 2009); a distinction the majority of studies have been unable to address due to limitations of applied tasks.Integrating measurements of attentional bias. The majority of research has utilised reaction time-based cognitive measures in the assessment of attentional bias (in both sleep and general psychopathology research).…”

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confidence: 95%

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Sleep-related attentional bias in insomnia: A state-of-the-science review

Harris

Spiegelhalder

Espie

et al. 2015

Clinical Psychology Review

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“…)。但部分研究并未发现失眠患者在执行功能上的受损 (Orff, Drummond, Nowakowski, Perlis, 2007;Shekleton et al, 2010;Ferreira & de Almondes, 2014)，这和失眠患者存在前额叶皮层结构和功能改变的神经成像结果不符 (Joo et al, 2013;Spiegelhalder, Regen, Baglioni, Riemann, Winkelman, 2013;Nofzinger et al, 2004)，因为前额叶是参与执行功能、抑制控制的关键脑区 (Smith & Jonides, 1999;Miller & Cohen, 2001;Kane & Engle, 2002 (Logan & Cowan, 1984)，根据意识状态可以分为自动抑制和有意抑制 (Nigg, 2000)。但多数研究者将抑制控制分为冲突抑制和反应抑制 (Booth et al, 2004;Aron, Robbins, & Poldrack, 2004;Brydges et al, 2012;Diamond, 2013) (Lundh, Froding, Gyllenhammar, Broman, & Hetta, 1997;Taylor, Espie, & White, 2003;MacMahon et al, 2006;Marchetti et al, 2006;Spiegelhalder, Espie, Nissen, & Riemann, 2008;Woods et al 2009;Spiegelhalder et al, 2010;Baglioni et al, 2010;Barclay & Ellis, 2013;Jansson-Fröjmark et al, 2013)；仅有两篇研究探讨反应抑制能力，但结果存在分歧 (Sagaspe, Philip, & Schwartz, 2007;Covassin et al, 2011) Figure 1. The simplified model contrast between brain areas and its connectivity in insomnia disorder and healthy good sleepers when performing inhibitory control tasks (Brain regions referred to Depue, Orr et al 2015).…”

Section: 引言mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impairment and Brain Mechanism on Inhibitory Control Function of Insomnia Disorder

赵¹

2017

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The impairment of inhibitory control plays an important role in the development and maintenance of insomnia. The injury on inhibitory control of insomnia disorder included attention control, response inhibition, and cognitive inhibition, but most researches focused on the injury of attention control. The damage of cognitive inhibition and response inhibition is remaining controversial. However, the damage of structure and function in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus in resting state, and prefrontal hypoactivation in task may point out the impairment. The common mechanisms of the three injury inhibitory control functions may be derived from right middle frontal gyri. Future researches need focus on the intervention on impaired inhibitory control, promote the research of cognitive inhibition in patients with insomnia, and investigate the relationship between inhibitory control, insomnia duration and its severity. Thus we can fully explore the causes of the impaired inhibitory control and find its corresponding intervention methods.

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The clock as a focus of selective attention in those with primary insomnia: An experimental study using a modified Posner paradigm

Cited by 51 publications

References 22 publications

Sleep-Related Arousal Versus General Cognitive Arousal in Primary Insomnia

Sleep-Related Arousal Versus General Cognitive Arousal in Primary Insomnia

Sleep-related attentional bias in insomnia: A state-of-the-science review

The Impairment and Brain Mechanism on Inhibitory Control Function of Insomnia Disorder

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