The clinician's perspective: Measuring change and treatment effectiveness.

Erickson, Richard C.; Howieson, Diane B.

doi:10.1037/10057-006

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Self-perception of memory has a modest correlation with performance on memory tasks in some studies (e.g, Larrabee & Levin, 1986;Zelinski, Gilewski, & Anthony-Bergstone, 1990). It may therefore reflect to a limited extent self-awareness of memory declines (Erickson & Howieson, 1986), or, because of its interplay with the individual's sense of self-efficacy (Berry, 1986), self-perception of memory may affect expectations, use of mnemonic strategies or effort to remember, and hence, memory performance (Bandura, 1986).Self-appraisal of memory functioning is also moderately correlated with affective state, in that memory complaints (negative self-appraisals) are more likely to occur in depressed individuals (e.g, Kahn, Zarit, Hilbert, & Niederehe, 1975;Larrabee & Levin, 1986). Depression, in turn, has been associated in some studies with memory performance deficits (e.g., Williams, Little, Scales, & Blockman, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

The Memory Functioning Questionnaire for assessment of memory complaints in adulthood and old age.

Gilewski¹,

Zelinski²,

Schaie³

1990

Psychology and Aging

377

371

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The results of psychometric analyses of the Metamemory Questionnaire (MQ; Zelinski, Gilewski, & Thompson, 1980), developed to evaluate perception of everyday memory functioning, are presented for a sample of 343 men and 435 women aged 16 to 89. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 4 correlated factors--General Frequency of Forgetting, Seriousness of Forgetting, Retrospective Functioning, and Mnemonics Usage--which accounted for 36.7% of the variance in responses to the MQ. Factor structure was invariant across age groups (16-54 vs. 55-89 years), 2 independent samples, and over 3 years. Because some of the original MQ scales did not load on the factors, only 64 of the original 92 items were retained for inclusion in the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ). Internal consistency of MFQ scores is high. The MFQ is therefore reliable for evaluating memory self-appraisals.

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mentioning

confidence: 91%

The Memory Functioning Questionnaire for assessment of memory complaints in adulthood and old age.

Gilewski¹,

Zelinski²,

Schaie³

1990

Psychology and Aging

377

371

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“…Although attention has been drawn to the limitations of existing tests and the difficulty of measuring memory change over time (e.g. Erickson and Howieson, 1986)' there has been little practical progress in this area. Two or three new forms have been added to widely used existing tests in a number of recently reported studies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nine parallel versions of four memory tests: An assessment of form equivalence and the effects of practice on performance

Watson

Pasteur

Healy

et al. 1994

Human Psychopharmacology

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Four memory tests, each containing nine parallel forms, were developed and assessed for their suitability for use in psychopharmacological research. The tests measured verbal memory, face-name-occupation associate learning, spatial location memory and memory for visual designs. Twenty-seven healthy subjects completed a different form of each test on each of nine testing occasions. Test form administration order was rotated across subjects to permit the independent assessment of practice effects and test form equivalence. Performance on four of the test forms differed significantly from performance on other forms of the same test. Data from the remaining forms contained no significant test form differences and these were assumed to be equivalent. ANOVA indicated practicerelated changes in six of the seven measures examined. Four or five successive test sessions were required before performance stabilized. Initial 'dips' in performance observed in the verbal memory tests were attributed to proactive interference, whilst further performance improvements in spatial location performance that occurred in the last three days of the study may have been caused by the development of mnemonic strategies. Thus, patterns of change with practice varied across the four tests. The results underline the importance of documenting practice effects in relation to repeated memory assessment.

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“…At the present time, there are few controlled outcome studies in the field of cognitive rehabilitation (e.g., Ruff, et al, 1989) and the work that has been done demonstrates only that treatment effects on cognitive and at tentional performance are nonspecific and within a limited scope of gener alization (Benedict, 1989;Erickson &c Howieson, 1986). Answers to questions about which specific interventions are most helpful with which populations/deficits remain to be answered (Gordon et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes the patient is taught specific proce dures thought to be employed by normally functioning persons, e.g., stepby-step problem solving procedures, "self-talk" designed to inhibit un wanted thoughts or behaviors or to guide action throughout a complex sequence of maneuvers, organized ways of reading and learning written material, or mnemonic schemes. The literature contains specific efforts to remediate memory deficits in brain damaged individuals (Glasgow, Zeiss, Barrerea, & Lewinsohn, 1977;Lewinsohn, Danaher, &c Kikel, 1977;Mateer & Sohlberg, 1988;Wilson, 1987) as well as in aged persons (Erickson & Howieson, 1986;Poon, Walsh-Sweeney, & Fozard, 1980;Zarit, Cole, & Guider, 1981), and Higbee (1977) has compiled a good overview of possible mnemonic strategies. There is presently a dearth of published re medial studies involving disorders of reasoning and problem-solving abili ties (Goldstein & Levin, 1987).…”

Section: Cognitive Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%