The clinical significance of fetal isolated cerebral borderline ventriculomegaly: report of 31 cases and review of the literature

Pilu, Gianluigi; Falco, Pietro; Gabrielli, S.; Perolo, A.; Sandri, Fabrizio; Bovicelli, Luciano

doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1999.14050320.x

Cited by 180 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is interesting that the odds increased over the years: 1 : 18 and 1 : 30 in the periods 1985-1988 and 1989-1992 respectively and 1 : 3 in the periods 1993-1996 and 1997-2000. Although there are no available data on diagnostic accuracy for borderline VM as opposed to severe VM, we speculate that overdiagnosis may in part be related to the publication of studies emphasizing the association of borderline VM with other CNS and non-CNS malformations or chromosomal abnormalities (Goldstein et al, 1990;Bromley et al, 1991;Patel et al, 1994;Bloom et al, 1997;Tomlinson et al, 1997;Vergani et al, 1998;Pilu et al, 1999;Graham et al, 2001;Greco et al, 2001;Kelly et al, 2001;Mercier et al, 2001). This might have induced overestimation of the ventricular width measurement to avoid missing associated anomalies.…”

Section: Investigation and Findingsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Among published studies the lowest incidence (10%) of structural malformations was found by Pilu et al (1999) who considered 31 cases of borderline VM, 30 of which had an atrial width of 10-12 mm. Vergani et al report 6% of structural anomalies in cases with atrial width <12 mm and 56% in those with atrial width ≥12 mm.…”

Section: Structural Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These data could represent an underestimation of the true rate, since both reports describe cases referred for apparently isolated VM. Data on the rate of structural malformations associated with borderline VM vary widely, from 10 to 76% (Goldstein et al, 1990;Bromley et al, 1991;Patel et al, 1994;Vergani et al, 1998;Pilu et al, 1999;Mercier et al, 2001;Gaglioti et al, 2005;Breeze et al, 2005;Morris et al, 2007) (Table 2).…”

Section: Structural Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The significance of fetal ventriculomegaly: etiology, short‐ and long‐term outcomes

Gaglioti¹,

Oberto²,

Todros³

2009

Prenatal Diagnosis

134

119

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Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly (VM) is diagnosed when the width of one or both ventricles, measured at the level of the glomus of the choroid plexus (atrium), is ≥10 mm. VM can result from different processes: abnormal turnover of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neuronal migration disorders, and destructive processes. In a high percentage of cases, it is associated with structural malformations of the central nervous system (CNS), but also of other organs and systems. The rate of associated malformations is higher (≥60%) in severe VM (>15 mm) and lower (10-50%) in cases of borderline VM (10-15 mm). When malformations are not present, aneuploidies are found in 3-15% of borderline VM; the percentage is lower in severe VM. The neurodevelopmental outcome of isolated VM is normal in >90% of cases if the measurement of ventricular width is between 10 and 12 mm; it is less favorable when the measurement is >12 mm.

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Section: Investigation and Findingsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Structural Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Structural Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The significance of fetal ventriculomegaly: etiology, short‐ and long‐term outcomes

Gaglioti¹,

Oberto²,

Todros³

2009

Prenatal Diagnosis

134

119

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“…Several studies have been undertaken to compare detection rates (10-15 mm) affects about 1% of the population, while severe VM (> 15 mm) occurs in about 0.1% of the fetuses. VM is more frequent in males, however the prognosis is worse in females [18,19]. In clinical practice, some physicians use the terms 'ventriculomegaly' and 'hydrocephalus' alternatively for one condition -enlarged accumulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricular system.…”

Section: Transvaginal Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional neurosonography — a novel field in fetal medicine

Lipa¹,

Pooh²,

Wielgoś³

2017

Ginekol Pol

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Neurosonography is a promising technique for prenatal diagnosis, combining features of ultrasound imaging with fetal neurology. The brain is a three-dimensional structure, therefore observing brain structure in the three basic planes (sagittal, coronal and axial) is mandatory. The anterior fontanelle and sagittal suture may serve as acoustic ultrasound windows in the transvaginal brain scan, allowing to obtain high-resolution neuroimages of the intracranial structures. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound combined with the transvaginal brain approach provides detailed and sophisticated neuroimages. Three orthogonal planes of the brain, tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) and other off-line approaches (e.g. volume contrast imaging (VCI) or HDlive silhouette imaging) may be obtained from a single 3D dataset. 3D Doppler ultrasound enables visualization of the intracerebral vascularity, allowing to obtain more precise information on cerebral perfusion. Various abnormal brain conditions, including ventriculomegaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, posterior fossa abnormalities and others, can be well-demonstrated. Due to high rates of the associated anomalies and uncertain prognosis, any suspicion of CNS abnormalities shall imply detailed ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal anatomy to exclude the associated anomalies. Despite a growing number of neuroimaging modalities, prenatal counselling remains a challenge as prediction of brain functionality and the neurological prognosis often remain uncertain. New investigations on the relations between various migration disorders and gene mutations, as well as recent clinical research on the relations between neuroimaging detection of local migration disorders using sophisticated imaging technologies and the postnatal neurological prognosis will contribute to the development of maternal-fetal medicine as well as pediatric neurology.

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“…When data from these two studies are included for analysis, together with the correct data from Ouahba's study 3 , there is actually a significant difference in abnormal neurological outcome in these two groups ( 7 (1994) 2/22 (9) 4/12 (33) Alagappan et al 8 (1994) 0/9 (0) 0/2 (0) Vergani et al 9 (1998) 0/42 (0) 0/3 (0) Lipitz et al 10 (1998) 0/14 (0) 1/12 (8) Pilu et al 11 (1999) 2/18 (11) 0/7 (0) Senat et al 12 (1999) 0/2 (0) 1/9 (11) Kinzler et al 13 (2001) 0/6 (0) 0/4 (0) Signorelli et al 14 (2004) 0/60 (0) -Gaglioti et al 4 …”

mentioning

confidence: 97%