The clinical significance of Cyniclomyces guttulatus in dogs with chronic diarrhoea, a survey and a prospective treatment study

Mandigers, Paul J. J.; Duijvestijn, Mirjam B. H. M.; Ankringa, Nynke; Maes, S.; Essen, Elise van; Schoormans, A.; German, Alexander J.; Houwers, D.J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.018

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…in our puppies was not associated with diarrhoea, which was in concordance with the study of Dupont et al (Dupont et al, 2013). Cyniclomyces guttulatus is prevalent in canine faeces, and its role as an opportunistic pathogen associated with chronic or reoccurring episodic diarrhoea has been described earlier (Mandigers et al, 2014). As no information about the role of this yeast in causing acute diarrhoea exists, this pathogen was incorporated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Clostridium difficile is associated with severe diarrhoea in humans and animals but little is known about its pathogenicity in canine puppies (Koene et al, 2012;Wetterwik et al, 2013). The role of Cyniclomyces guttulatus in causing chronic diarrhoea in dogs was indecisive (Mandigers et al, 2014). Several studies have reported the simultaneous presence of multiple canine enteropathogens in dogs with diarrhoea, but studies targeting specifically puppies are rare, usually target puppies in kennels and/or are limited with respect to the number of pathogens that was screened for (Cave et al, 2002;Sokolow et al, 2005;Yesilbag et al, 2007;Stavisky et al, 2011;Tupler et al, 2012;Dupont et al, 2013;Gizzi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteropathogen infections in canine puppies: (Co-)occurrence, clinical relevance and risk factors

Duijvestijn

Mughini‐Gras

Schuurman

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

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Laboratory confirmation of the causative agent(s) of diarrhoea in puppies may allow for appropriate treatment. The presence of potential pathogens however, does not prove a causal relationship with diarrhoea. The aim of this study was to identify specific enteropathogens in ≤12 month old puppies with and without acute diarrhoea and to assess their associations with clinical signs, putative risk factors and pathogen co-occurrence. Faecal samples from puppies with (n=113) and without (n=56) acute diarrhoea were collected and screened for Canine Parvovirus (CPV), Canine Coronavirus (CCoV), Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, β-hemolytic Eschericha coli (hEC), Giardia spp., Toxocara spp., Cystoisospora spp., and Cyniclomyces guttulatus. One or more pathogens were detected in 86.5% of diarrhoeic puppies and in 77.8% of asymptomatic puppies. Significant positive associations were found between CPV and CCoV, CPV and Cystoisospora spp., Toxocara spp. and hEC, Giardia spp. and C. guttulatus. Only CPV and CCoV were significantly associated with diarrhoea, hEC with a subset of puppies that had diarrhoea and severe clinical signs. CPV was more prevalent in puppies under 3 months of age. Puppies from high-volume dog breeders were significantly at increased risk for CPV (OR 4.20), CCoV (OR 4.50) and Cystoisospora spp. (OR 3.60). CCoV occurred significantly more often in winter (OR 3.35), and CPV in winter (OR 3.78) and spring (OR 4.72) as compared to summer. We conclude that routine screening for CPV, CCoV and hEC is recommended in puppies with acute diarrhoea, especially if they are under 3 months of age and originate from high-volume dog breeders. Routine screening for other pathogens may lead to less conclusive results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteropathogen infections in canine puppies: (Co-)occurrence, clinical relevance and risk factors

Duijvestijn

Mughini‐Gras

Schuurman

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…The positive rate in rabbits was as high as 83%. This was significantly higher than that in other host animals such as dogs in which a prevalence of 14-21% was reported [20,21,29] . Coccidia are also highly prevalent in rabbits.…”

Section: Intestinalismentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Some authors proposed C. guttulatus could be an opportunistic pathogen or play a co-causative role in diarrhea of its host, based on indirect evidence that the antifungal agent, nystatin was effective in the treatment of some diarrheic cases [19][20][21][22] . In our study, C. guttulatus was proved an opportunist through co-infection with the coccidian species E. intestinalis, a parasite causing diarrhea and intestinal lesions in rabbits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers believed that C. guttulatus was not a pathogen causing diarrhea, but is probably a salubrious normal inhabitant based on its common existence in healthy animals and the absence of clinical signs in experimental rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus isolates [16,17] . However, other researchers believed it could be an opportunistic pathogen based on the large number of yeast cells in feces of diarrheic animals and the positive response of some diarrheic cases to anti-fungal treatment with nystatin [18][19][20][21][22] . To clearly establish the relationship between C. guttulatus and diarrhea in rabbits, a C. guttulatus strain was isolated and identified from a rabbit with severe diarrhea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyniclomyces guttulatusis an opportunistic pathogen in rabbits with coccidiosis

Shi¹,

Sun²,

Fu³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Cyniclomyces guttulatus is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract in rabbits, and large numbers are often present in feces of diarrheic rabbits. However, its relation with rabbit diarrhea has not been clearly identified. We isolated a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain from a rabbit with severe diarrhea and optimized the culture conditions in YPG medium. The sequenced 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559bp and 632bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from the dog and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of the DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from the rabbit and guinea pig. Our isolate was not pathogenic to healthy SPF rabbits. Instead, rabbits inoculated with the yeast had a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. Rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and the coccidian, E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis as shown by clinical signs, and decreased body weight gain, diarrhea and death, associated with significantly higher fecal output of C. guttulatus vegetative cells but lower coccidian oocysts output than the rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. We also surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found a positive rate of 83% in Zhejiang province. Our results indicate that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, but could become an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens such as coccidia.Author summary: Cyniclomyces guttulatus, a commensal yeast in rabbit gastrointestinal tract, is very commonly seen in diarrhea cases. However, it is unclear whether it causes or is a co-cause of diarrhea with other pathogens. Here, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was firstly isolated from a rabbit with severe diarrhea and the culture conditions in YPG medium were optimized. Then, it was identified in morphology and molecular. It was agreed with the previous description in morphology and showed a closer phylogenetic relationship with other strains originated from herbivores than those from the carnivore. Finally, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was inoculated to SPF rabbits singly or co-inoculated with Eimeria intestinalis. All of the results in animal assays show C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic but seems a probiotic microorganism in rabbits. However, it could become an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens such as coccidia.

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Infectious Agents

2017

Clinical Atlas of Small Animal Cytology

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The clinical significance of Cyniclomyces guttulatus in dogs with chronic diarrhoea, a survey and a prospective treatment study

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Enteropathogen infections in canine puppies: (Co-)occurrence, clinical relevance and risk factors

Enteropathogen infections in canine puppies: (Co-)occurrence, clinical relevance and risk factors

Cyniclomyces guttulatusis an opportunistic pathogen in rabbits with coccidiosis

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