The Clinical Role of HPV Testing in Primary and Secondary Cervical Cancer Screening

Hoste, Griet; Vossaert, K.; Poppe, Willy

doi:10.1155/2013/610373

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Knowledge of the proportion of the cancers that can be prevented by reducing the prevalence of HPV infections provides a critical baseline for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and contribute to analyses of the added value of such interventions [16]. HPV vaccinations, for example, will substantially reduce the burden of HPV associated diseases [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of HPV associated cancers in two regions in Nigeria 2012–2014

Jedy‐Agba

Dareng

Adebamowo

et al. 2016

Cancer Epidemiology

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Introduction HPV attributable cancers are the second most common infection-related cancers worldwide, with much higher burden in less developed regions. There are currently no country-specific estimates of the burden of these cancers in Nigeria just like many other low and middle income countries. Methods In this study, we quantified the proportion of the cancer burden in Nigeria that is attributable to HPV infection from 2012 to 2014 using HPV prevalence estimated from previous studies and data from two population based cancer registries (PBCR) in Nigeria. We considered cancer sites for which there is strong evidence of an association with HPV infection based on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification. We obtained age and sex-specific estimates of incident cancers and using the World Standard Population, we derived age standardized incidence (ASR) rates for each cancer type by categories of sex, and estimated the population attributable fractions (PAF). Results The two PBCR reported 4336 new cancer cases from 2012 to 2014. Of these, 1627 (37.5%) were in males and 2709 (62.5%) in females. Some 11% (488/4336) of these cancers were HPV associated; 2% (38/1627) in men and 17% (450/2709) in women. Of the HPV associated cancers, 7.8% occurred in men and 92.2% in women. The ASRs for HPV associated cancers was 33.5 per 100,000; 2.3 and 31.2 per 100,000 in men and women respectively. The proportion of all cancers attributable to HPV infection ranged from 10.2 to 10.4% (442–453 of 4336) while the proportion of HPV associated cancers attributable to HPV infection ranged from 90.6% to 92.8% (442–453 of the 488 cases). In men, 55.3% to 68.4% of HPV associated cancers were attributable to HPV infection compared to 93.6% to 94.8% in women. The combined ASR for HPV attributable cancers ranged from 31.0 to 31.7 per 100,000. This was 1.4 to 1.7 per 100,000 in men and 29.6 to 30.0 per 100,000 in women. In women, cervical cancer (n = 392, ASR 28.3 per 100,000) was the commonest HPV attributable cancer, while anal cancer (n = 21, ASR 1.2 per 100,000) was the commonest in men. Conclusions HPV attributable cancers constitute a substantial cancer burden in Nigerian women, much less so in men. A significant proportion of cancers in Nigerian women would be prevented if strategies such as HPV DNA based screening and HPV vaccination are implemented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of HPV associated cancers in two regions in Nigeria 2012–2014

Jedy‐Agba

Dareng

Adebamowo

et al. 2016

Cancer Epidemiology

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“…Information on country-specific HPV genotype prevalence is needed to inform local policy, screening and prevention programmes. Randomised trials have demonstrated that HPV-based screening is more effective than cytological screening in reducing the incidence of invasive squamous and adeno-carcinoma of the cervix uteri [18, 19]. The current prevalence of HPV infection in Swaziland remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for High Risk Human Papillomavirus among Sexually Active Women, Swaziland

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHigh risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection and the dual burden of HIV remains a huge challenge in some low-income countries (LICs) such as Swaziland with limited or no data. We estimated the prevalence and investigated determinants of hr-HPV, including HIV infection among sexually active women in Swaziland.MethodsA total of 655 women aged between 15 and 49 years from five health facilities were randomly enrolled using a cross-sectional study design. Cervical cells were tested for hr-HPV types using GeneXpert HPV Assays.ResultsThe overall weighted hr-HPV prevalence was 46.2% (95%CI: 42.8–49.5). Of hr-HPV infected women, 12.4% (95%CI: 8.6–17.5) were HPV16-positive, 13.8% (95%CI:12.0–15.8) were positive for HPV18/45, 26.7% (95%CI: 24.2–29.3) for HPV31/33/35/52/58, 7.6% (95%CI: 7.6–11.9) for HPV51/59 and 11.0%, (95%CI: 7.9–15.3) for HPV39/56/66/68. Prevalence of hr-HPV decreased with increasing age. Overall HIV prevalence remained high (42.7%; 95%CI: 35.7–46.2). HIV infection was associated with hr-HPV infection (Adjusted OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 3.043–7.8, p<0.001). Overall hr-HPV/HIV co-infection was 24.4% (95%CI: 20.3–29.1) which was significantly higher among younger age groups (p<0.001). Prevalence of multiple group hr-HPV infection was significantly higher in HIV-positive versus -negative women (27.7% and 12.7% respectively, p<0.001). The presence, absence or unknown of history of STI with HIV did not appear to modify the relationship with hr-HPV (OR = 4.2, 95%CI: 2.6–7.1, OR = 4.6, 95%CI: 2.8–7.7, p<0.001, p<0.001 and OR = 4.1, 95%CI: 1.3–13.4, p<0.021 respectively).ConclusionThe prevalence of hr-HPV infection was high and significantly associated with HIV among sexually active women. Furthermore, the study has provided essential information about the HIV link with hr-HPV infections which may explain the high prevalence among HIV infected women. This can contribute to policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating HPV infection prevention especially among youth and HIV infected people.

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“…When HPV acquisition is followed by HPV persistence instead of clearance, there is a high chance for progression to precancerous lesions and ultimately invasive lesions. HPV is a double stranded closed circular DNA virus with the capacity to incorporate in the human DNA (Hoste et al, 2013). HPV infection is the most common sexual transmitted disease with more than 80% of the population infected at some time in their life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Rural Areas of Wuhan China: a Matched Case-control Study

Zhang

Zhou²,

Zhu³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We investigated possible risk factors for cervical cancer in rural areas of Wuhan China using a matched case-control study with 33 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and 132 healthy women selected from the same area as matched controls. A questionnaire, which included questions about general demography conditions, environmental and genetic factors, the first sexual intercourse, first marriage age, age at first pregnancy, pregnancy first child's age, female personal health history, social psychological factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol status and other living habits was presented to all participants. At the same time, HPV infection of every participant was examined in laboratory testing. Results showed HPV infection (P<0.000, OR=23.4) and pregnancy first child's age (P<0.000, OR=13.1) to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Menopause (P=0.003, OR=0.073) was a protective factor against cervical cancer. However, there was no indication of associations of environmental (drinking water, insecticide, disinfectant) genetic (cancer family history), or life-style factors (smoking status, alcohol status, physical training, sleep quality), including dietary habits (intake of fruit and vegetable, meat, fried food, bean products and pickled food) or social psychological factors with cervical cancer. The results suggest that the risk of cervical cancer in Chinese rural women may be associated with HPV infection, menopause and the pregnancy first child's age.

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The Clinical Role of HPV Testing in Primary and Secondary Cervical Cancer Screening

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

The burden of HPV associated cancers in two regions in Nigeria 2012–2014

The burden of HPV associated cancers in two regions in Nigeria 2012–2014

Prevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for High Risk Human Papillomavirus among Sexually Active Women, Swaziland

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Rural Areas of Wuhan China: a Matched Case-control Study

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