The Clinical Experience of Citalopram in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Report of Two Persian Gulf War Veterans

Khouzam, Hani Raoul; El-Gabalawi, Fayez; Donnelly, Nancy J.

doi:10.1093/milmed/166.10.921

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We found a significant reduction as a result of citalopram treatment, in 'companion condition' (50%), with an average though nonsignificant reduction in the 'avoidance' (50%) and 'hyperarousal' (30-34%) clusters. A case report 37 of two gulf war veterans that were treated with citalopram was also in line with these results, reporting an improvement in the social isolation while the flashbacks and intrusive thoughts continued. However, Significantly different values were detected with one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc bonferroni or tamhane.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

WFS1 gene as a putative biomarker for development of post-traumatic syndrome in an animal model

et al. 2007

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that may develop after the experiencing or witnessing of a life-threatening event. PTSD is defined by the coexistence of three clusters of symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal, which persist for at least 1 month in survivors of the event (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition). Using an established model of PTSD, we addressed the well-accepted clinical finding that only a minority (about 20%) of the individuals exposed to a traumatic event develop PTSD. Moreover, we followed individual rat behavior for up to a month, and then treated the PTSD-like animals with citalopram. Our data demonstrate high face (20% of rats exposed to a reminder of the stressor develop symptoms characteristic of PTSD) and predictive (response to citalopram) validities. Based on these validities we identified alterations in the Wolframin gene in the CA1 and amygdala regions, specifically in exposed PTSD-like rats, which were normalized after treatment with citalopram. We suggest the Wolframin gene as a putative biomarker for PTSD. Since Wolframin gene undergoes alternative splicing and has polymorphism in the population, it may serve a future marker for identification of the vulnerable population exposed to a traumatic event.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

WFS1 gene as a putative biomarker for development of post-traumatic syndrome in an animal model

et al. 2007

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“…Khouzam et al [ 48 ] have reported their experience in treating 2 male Persian Gulf veterans with chronic combat PTSD (22 and 36 years old) with citalopram (20-40 mg daily). No information on comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and concurrent treatment with other psychotropics is provided.…”

Section: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Ssris)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antidepressants on Sleep in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview of Reviews

Lappas

Polyzopoulou

Christodoulou

et al. 2024

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Antidepressants are a commonly used, easily accessible, and overall safe treatment option for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in treating sleep disturbances in patients with PTSD. PubMed and the Cochrane Li- brary were searched (July 2022) for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the treatment of PTSD. Moreover, PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for individual trials investigating the antidepressant treatment of PTSD (up to September 2022), and reference lists of all relevant identi- fied studies were screened. Sleep-related outcomes, i.e., total sleep time, sleep quality, dreams/ nightmares, insomnia, and somnolence, were extracted independently by at least two reviewers. Meta- analytic evaluations were performed wherever possible. 39 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified; data from pooled analyses, reviews, and observational studies were used for antidepressants with a weak evidence base or when their findings were deemed important. Overall, scarce data exist on the effects of antidepressants on sleep outcomes among patients with PTSD. Some evidence may support the use of amitriptyline, nefazodone, paroxetine, and sertraline for improving sleep in patients with PTSD. Τhere was a meta-analytical trend indicating improvement of nightmares with fluoxetine, less insomnia with amitriptyline and more with brofaromine, as well as more somnolence with paroxe- tine vs. placebo, respectively. However, data from more than 1 RCT with a considerable number of pa- tients were only available for paroxetine. Evidence is insufficient to draw safe conclusions. More and better-designed RCTs, with consistent reporting of sleep-related outcomes, are needed.

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Antidepressant Treatments in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Osterman¹,

Erdos²

2004

Pharmacotherapy of Depression

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The Clinical Experience of Citalopram in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Report of Two Persian Gulf War Veterans

Abstract: More controlled studies are warranted to further prove the efficacy of citalopram as an agent of choice for the treatment of PTSD.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

WFS1 gene as a putative biomarker for development of post-traumatic syndrome in an animal model

WFS1 gene as a putative biomarker for development of post-traumatic syndrome in an animal model

Effects of Antidepressants on Sleep in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview of Reviews

Antidepressant Treatments in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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