The Clinical Evaluation of a Patient-Administered SnF2-ZrSiO4 Prophylactic Paste in Children: I. Results after One Year in the Virgin Islands

Muhler, Joseph C.; Kelley, Gordon E.; Stookey, George K.; Lindo, Felix I.; Harris, Norman O.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1970.0130

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The initial concentrations of Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn in the actual AMD were 258.0±6.6, 38.2±0.8, 25.7±0.4, and 17.6± 0.1 mg/L, respectively, but Ni 2+ was not detected in the actual AMD. The speciation of Fe was analyzed using the Ferrozine method (Muhler et al 1970) because Fe exists as Fe(II) and Fe(III) in actual AMD. Total quantity of Fe was reduced by a reductant and then was analyzed by ferrozine method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective recovery of dissolved Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn in acid mine drainage based on modeling to predict precipitation pH

Park

Yoo

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Mining activities have caused serious environmental problems including acid mine drainage (AMD), the dispersion of mine tailings and dust, and extensive mine waste. In particular, AMD contaminates soil and water downstream of mines and generally contains mainly valuable metals such as Cu, Zn, and Ni as well as Fe and Al. In this study, we investigated the selective recovery of Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, and Ni from AMD. First, the speciation of Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, and Ni as a function of the equilibrium solution pH was simulated by Visual MINTEQ. Based on the simulation results, the predicted pHs for the selective precipitation of Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn/Ni were determined. And recovery yield of metals using simulation is over 99 %. Experiments using artificial AMD based on the simulation results confirmed the selective recovery of Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn/Ni, and the recovery yields of Fe/Al/Cu/Zn and Fe/Al/Cu/Ni mixtures using Na2CO3 were 99.6/86.8/71.9/77.0 % and 99.2/85.7/73.3/86.1 %, respectively. After then, the simulation results were applied to an actual AMD for the selective recovery of metals, and the recovery yields of Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn using NaOH were 97.2, 74.9, 66.9, and 89.7 %, respectively. Based on the results, it was concluded that selective recovery of dissolved metals from AMD is possible by adjusting the solution pH using NaOH or Na2CO3 as neutralizing agents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective recovery of dissolved Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn in acid mine drainage based on modeling to predict precipitation pH

Park

Yoo

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Clinical examinations revealed 21°/o fewer DFS in APF paste treated children than in placebo-treated children. The greatest caries inhibition was found on buccal-lingual surfaces where the difference was 35%.Several clinical trials have assessed the caries inhibiting effects of self application of fluoride prophylaxis paste by means of a toothbrush [M uhler et al, 1970; L ang et al, 1970; Mercer and G ish, 1970], The paste used in these studies contained 9%> stannous fluoride which in each case resulted in a significant caries inhibition.Fluoride containing prophylaxis pastes frequently suffer from the in compatibility of fluoride with the abrasive as well as decreased fluoride activity due to other paste components. This problem was resolved to a significant degree with the formulation of an acidulatedphosphate-fluoride (APF) prophylaxis paste containing silicon dioxide as the abrasive and ammonium silicofluoride as the fluoride source [Mell berg and N icholson, 1968].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Uptake and Caries Inhibition from Self-Application of an Acidulated-Phosphate-Fluoride Prophylaxis Paste

Mellberg¹,

Peterson²,

Nicholson³

1974

Caries Res

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The anti-caries effect of semi-annual self-applications of an acidulated-phosphate-fluoride prophylaxis paste to the teeth of children living in non-fluoridated areas was studied. Analysis of exfoliated deciduous teeth revealed an increase in enamel fluoride concentration of 120 ppm at 5 μm in anterior teeth and 15–35 ppm in posterior teeth after each application. The acquired fluoride did not increase with further applications but instead was lost within six months. Clinical examinations revealed 21% fewer DFS in APF paste treated children than in placebo-treated children. The greatest caries inhibition was found on buccal-lingual surfaces where the difference was 35%.

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Zirconium

Ghosh

Sharma

Talukder

1992

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The action of Zirconium (Zr) on biological systems presents an enigma. It is ubiquitous, being present in nature in amounts higher than most trace elements. It is taken up by plants from soil and water and accumulated in certain tissues. The entry into animal systems in vivo is related to the mode of exposure and the concentration in the surrounding environment. Retention is initially in soft tissues and then slowly in the bone. The metal is able to cross the blood brain-barrier and is deposited in the brain and the placental barrier to enter milk. The daily human uptake has been known to be as high as 125 mg. The level of toxicity has been found to be moderately low, both in histological and cytological studies. The toxic effects induced by very high concentrations are nonspecific in nature. Despite the presence and retention in relatively high quantities in biological systems, Zr has not yet been associated with any specific metabolic function. Very little information is available about its interaction with the compounds of the genetical systems, such as nucleic acids. Apparently, the metal is neither an essential nor toxic element in the conventional sense. However, the increasing exposure to this element through its increasing use in new materials and following radioactive fallout, has increased the importance of the study of its effects on living organisms. The tetravalent nature of the ionic state and the high stability of the compounds formed are important factors that need to be considered, as also the accumulation of this element in the brain, reminiscent of the relationship between Al3+ and Alzheimer's disease.

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The Clinical Evaluation of a Patient-Administered SnF2-ZrSiO4 Prophylactic Paste in Children: I. Results after One Year in the Virgin Islands

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Selective recovery of dissolved Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn in acid mine drainage based on modeling to predict precipitation pH

Selective recovery of dissolved Fe, Al, Cu, and Zn in acid mine drainage based on modeling to predict precipitation pH

Fluoride Uptake and Caries Inhibition from Self-Application of an Acidulated-Phosphate-Fluoride Prophylaxis Paste

Zirconium

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