The Clinical Diagnosis of Urethral Discharge

Rothenberg, Richard; Judson, Franklyn N.

doi:10.1097/00007435-198301000-00005

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…core transmitters, and in creating individual level bacterial STI risk for individual residents. The results of this study support our work and that of others describing the neighborhood nature of bacterial STI transmission (Jennings, et al 2010; Potterat 1992; Potterat, et al 1983; Rothenberg & Judson 1983). The results also support previous ethnographic findings and suggest that drug markets in urban areas may represent STI risk environments for local residents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Considerable work has shown that STI prevalence varies by census block group or tract within a city and that the rates are associated with demographic factors such as percentage of African Americans (Becker, et al 1998; Hamers, et al 1995; Hart 1993; Jennings, et al 2005; Lacey, et al 1997; Potterat 1992; Rothenberg & Judson 1983; Zenilman, et al 1988). In addition, multiple studies have found that geographic variation in STI prevalence is associated with various features of the socioeconomic environment, including income, unemployment, and education (Cohen, et al 2000; Ellen, et al 1995; Holtgrave & Crosby 2003; Rice, et al 1991; Rothenberg & Judson 1983), family structure (Kilmarx, et al 1997; Thomas & Gaffield 2003), community physical disorder (Cohen, et al 2000) racial/ethnic composition (Kilmarx, et al 1997; Rice, et al 1991; Rothenberg & Judson 1983; Rothenberg, et al 2007), social capital (Crosby, et al 2002; Holtgrave & Crosby 2003), racial/ethnic income inequalities (Thomas & Gaffield 2003) and racial/ethnic residential segregation (Thomas & Gaffield 2003). These findings, however, only go so far: the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors and STI rates at the ecologic level provides limited insight into individual level STI risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neighborhood drug markets: A risk environment for bacterial sexually transmitted infections among urban youth

Jennings

Taylor

Salhi³

et al. 2012

Social Science & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We hypothesized that neighborhoods with drug markets, as compared to those without, have a greater concentration of infected sex partners, i.e. core transmitters, and that in these areas, there is an increased risk environment for STIs. This study determined if neighborhood drug markets were associated with a high-risk sex partnership and, separately, with a current bacterial STI (chlamydia and/or gonorrhea) after controlling for individual demographic and sexual risk factors among a household sample of young people in Baltimore City, MD. Analyses also tested whether links were independent of neighborhood socioeconomic status. Data for this study were collected from a household study, systematic social observations and police arrest, public health STI surveillance and U.S. census data. Nonlinear multilevel models showed that living in neighborhoods with household survey-reported drug markets increased the likelihood of having a high-risk sex partnership after controlling for individual level demographic factors and illicit drug use and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Further, living in neighborhoods with survey-reported drug markets increased the likelihood of having a current bacterial STI after controlling for individual level demographic and sexual risk factors and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The results suggest that local conditions in neighborhoods with drug markets may play an important role in setting-up risk environments for high-risk sex partnerships and bacterial STIs. Patterns observed appeared dependent on the type of drug market indicator used. Future studies should explore how conditions in areas with local drug markets may alter sexual networks structures and whether specific types of drug markets are particularly important in determining STI risk.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood drug markets: A risk environment for bacterial sexually transmitted infections among urban youth

Jennings

Taylor

Salhi³

et al. 2012

Social Science & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Almost all physicians involved in the treatment of STIs recognize that the urethral discharge of GU is generally purulent or cloudy, while that of NGU is clear. 1 However, in most reports, the diagnosis of GU was determined by culture or microscopic findings of Gram-negative diplococci. Therefore, some cases of GU might erroneously have been classified as NGU because the sensitivity of the culture method can be lower than that of the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of clinical manifestations of male patients with urethritis

Takahashi

Takeyama

Kunishima

et al. 2006

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…While it is apparent that these classic signs and symptoms differ, the degree of overlap is such that an accurate diagnosis can be achieved only with laboratory tests (1, 4, 6, 17). The optimal performance of clinical diagnosis based solely on history and the nature of urethral exudate is only 73% (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved utility of Gonoscreen, a Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay, in the evaluation of urethral discharges in men

Prior¹,

Spagna²

1985

J Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay was improved for the rapid evaluation of exudative urethritis in males. Two hundred men with various quantities of urethral discharge were evaluated. Pyrogen-free Dacron swabs were used for sample collection, and a chromogenic substrate was used for visible endpoint determination after a 10-min incubation. Of the 200 patients studied, 57 (29%) had minimal urethral discharges (less than 15 microliter) and could not be evaluated with Gonoscreen (Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.), an LAL test kit for the evaluation of urethritis which involves gentle aspiration for sample collection. The improved LAL assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 95 and 97%, respectively, and an overall accuracy to predict culture results of 96%. These results were not statistically different from Gram-stained smears read by experienced microscopists or from culture results (P greater than 0.05). Prevalence of gonorrhea in the study population was 40%, and the positive predictive value of the LAL assay was 95%. Thus, the use of swabs facilitated sample collection and increased by 29% the number of patients which could be evaluated with the LAL assay. In addition, the use of a chromogenic substrate reduced incubation time by 67% (30 to 10 min) and provided an objective color endpoint.

show abstract

The Clinical Diagnosis of Urethral Discharge

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Neighborhood drug markets: A risk environment for bacterial sexually transmitted infections among urban youth

Neighborhood drug markets: A risk environment for bacterial sexually transmitted infections among urban youth

Analysis of clinical manifestations of male patients with urethritis

Improved utility of Gonoscreen, a Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay, in the evaluation of urethral discharges in men

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About