The clinical and economic burden of varicella in the Middle East: a systematic literature review

Kaabi, Nawal Al; Olama, Fatma Mohd Ali Sultan Al; Qaseer, Mamoun Al; Ubaidani, Idris Al; Dinleyici, Ener Çağrı; Hayajneh, Wail A.; Bizri, Abdul Rahman; Loulou, Maysoon; Ndao, Tidiane; Wolfson, Lara J.

doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1638726

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Six countries in the Middle East use a universal varicella vaccination program, and in all but Oman, a 2-dose schedule is implemented. Both Qatar and the United Arab Emirates have vaccine coverage rates exceeding 90% [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Varicella Vaccination Status By Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global varicella vaccination programs

et al. 2022

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Varicella (chickenpox) is an infectious disease caused by the highly contagious varicella zoster virus with a secondary attack rate greater than 90%. From this perspective, we aimed to establish the basis for a national varicella vaccine policy by reviewing vaccination programs and policies of countries that have introduced universal varicella vaccinations. As a result of the spread of varicella, an increasing number of countries are providing two-dose vaccinations and universally expanding their use. In practice, the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccination differ among vaccines and vaccination programs. Optimized vaccination strategies based on each country's local epidemiology and health resources are required. Accordingly, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of varicella vaccines in different settings. Given the short-term and fragmented vaccine effectiveness evaluation in Korea, it is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness at the national level and determine its schedule based on the evidence generated through these studies.

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Section: Varicella Vaccination Status By Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global varicella vaccination programs

et al. 2022

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“…The reviews that examined the impact of UVV, either regionally or countrywide, reported limited data on vaccination coverage rates; where they were reported, they did not necessarily correspond with the timeline of reported programme outcomes. Varied vaccination coverage data in individual studies was also reported in one included review and was highlighted as an area that requires further research 31 . The lack of vaccination coverage data alongside corresponding outcome data, limits the interpretation and understanding of the full impact of existing UVV programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 13 reviews either did not conduct a risk of bias assessment of individual studies included in the review or where it was indicated that it was conducted, the tool used was not clear and results were not provided. [23][24][25][26][27][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In seven of the 10 reviews that included a Italy Pooled analysis of epidemiological data from all eight Italian regions demonstrated significant reductions in incidence of varicella up to 9 years after two-dose UVV introduction. 9 In Sicily alone, varicella notifications decreased by over 95% between 2003 (when the two-dose schedule was introduced) and 2012.…”

Section: Quality Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of alternative varicella vaccination strategies: An overview of reviews

Ahern

Walsh

Paone

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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A number of countries have implemented universal childhood varicella vaccination programmes over the past 30 years. However, strategies differ in terms of dosing schedule (one‐ or two‐dose), type of vaccine(s) recommended (monovalent, quadrivalent measles‐mumps‐rubella‐varicella, or both), age at vaccination, and dosing interval for a two‐dose schedule. An overview of reviews was undertaken to assess the existing systematic review evidence of the clinical efficacy/effectiveness of alternative varicella vaccination strategies. A comprehensive search of databases, registries and grey literature was conducted up to 2 February 2022. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included reviews. A total of 20 reviews were included in the overview; 17 assessed the efficacy/effectiveness of one‐dose strategies and 10 assessed the efficacy/effectiveness of two‐dose strategies. Although the quality of most reviews was deemed ‘critically low’, there was clear and consistent evidence that vaccination is very effective at reducing varicella. While the analysis was restricted due to lack of detail in reporting of the reviews, the evidence suggests that two‐dose strategies are more efficacious/effective than one‐dose strategies in preventing varicella of any severity, but that both strategies have similar high efficacy/effectiveness in preventing moderate or severe varicella. Based on this evidence in this overview of reviews, a key consideration for policymakers on the possible introduction of a childhood varicella vaccination programme and the choice between a one‐ or two‐dose strategy, will be whether the objective of a programme is to prevent varicella of any severity or to prevent moderate to severe varicella.

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“…VZV is one of the common causes of childhood encephalitis 14 . Since incorporation of varicella vaccine to well-child immunization schedule in 2013, varicella-related hospitalizations and deaths has declined in Turkey 15 . This supports the evidence that varicella vaccine reduces severe complications from varicella infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicenter prospective surveillance study of viral agents causing meningoencephalitis

Törün

Kaba

Yakut

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The frequency of bacterial factors causing central nervous system infections has decreased as a result of the development of our national immunization program. In this study, it is aimed to obtain the data of our local surveillance by defining the viral etiology in cases diagnosed with meningoencephalitis for 1 year. Previously healhty 186 children, who applied with findings suggesting viral meningoencephalitis to 8 different tertiary health centers between August 2018 and August 2019, in Istanbul, were included. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. The M:F ratio was 1.24 in the patient group, whose age ranged from 1 to 216 months (mean 40.2 ± 48.7). Viral factor was detected in 26.8%. Enterovirus was the most common agent (24%) and followed by Adenovirus (22%) and HHV type 6 (22%). In the rest of the samples revealed HHV type 7 (10%), EBV (6%), CMV (6%), HSV type 1 (6%), Parvovirus (4%) and VZV (2%). The most common symptoms were fever (79%) and convulsions (45.7%). Antibiotherapy and antiviral therapy was started 48.6% and 4% respectively. Mortality and sequela rate resulted 0.53% and 3.7%, respectively. This highlights the importance of monitoring trends in encephalitis in Turkey with aview to improving pathogen diagnosis for encephalitis and rapidly identifying novel emerging encephalitis-causing pathogens that demand public health action especially in national immunisation programme.

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The clinical and economic burden of varicella in the Middle East: a systematic literature review

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Global varicella vaccination programs

Global varicella vaccination programs

Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of alternative varicella vaccination strategies: An overview of reviews

Multicenter prospective surveillance study of viral agents causing meningoencephalitis

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