The clinical and cost-effectiveness of a Victim Improvement Package (VIP) for the reduction of chronic symptoms of depression or anxiety in older victims of common crime (the VIP trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Older people are vulnerable to sustained high levels of psychosocial distress following a crime. A cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-informed psychological therapy, the Victim Improvement Package (VIP) may aid recovery. The VIP trial aims to test the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the VIP for alleviating depressive and anxiety symptoms in older victims of crime. Methods/design: People aged 65 years or more who report being a victim of crime will be screened by Metropolitan Police Service Safer Neighbourhood Teams within a month of the crime for distress using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-2. Those who screen positive will be signposted to their GP for assistance, and re-screened at 3 months. Participants who screen positive for depression and/or anxiety at re-screening are randomised to a CBT informed VIP added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone. The intervention consists of 10 individual 1-h sessions, delivered weekly by therapists from the mental health charity Mind. The primary outcome measure is the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), used as a composite measure, assessed at 6 months after the crime (post therapy) with a 9-month post-crime follow-up. Secondary outcome measures include the EQ-5D, and a modified Client Service Receipt Inventory. A total of 226 participants will be randomised VIP:TAU with a ratio 1:1, in order to detect a standardised difference of at least 0.5 between groups, using a mixed-effects linear-regression model with 90% power and a 5% significance level

Adverse event recording failed to reflect potential harms: a review of trial protocols of behavioral, lifestyle and psychological therapy interventions

“…Sexual health promotion intervention for people with severe mental illness [78] Self-harm, suicide attempt, violence to others or victim of violence CBT for chronic symptoms of depression or anxiety in older victims of common crime [39] ICH GCP definition plus any important medical event that may jeopardize the participant or may require an intervention to prevent one of the above characteristics/consequences.…”

Interventions to identify and manage depression delivered by ‘nontraditional’ providers to community‐dwelling older adults: A realist review

“…In total, 34 documents 40–73 identified from systematic and cluster searches informed the development of CMOCs. This evidence comprised peer‐reviewed journal articles (primary research, study protocol), service level reports and evaluations, published between 1990 and 2020.…”

“…However, this approach was often lacking in the existing interventions. Interventions that rely solely on distributing information may not be sufficient, as this places the burden on individuals to be proactive in seeking help 68 …”

“…In total, 34 documents 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 identified from systematic and cluster searches informed the development of CMOCs. This evidence comprised peer‐reviewed journal articles (primary research, study protocol), service level reports and evaluations, published between 1990 and 2020.…”

Psychological Distress and Interventions for Older Victims of Crime: A Systematic Review

“…Standardizing assessment and intervention to 3 months post-incident has been recommended in other trauma populations as it allows time for natural recovery without prolonging suffering in victims with continued symptoms (McNally et al, 2003). This would also build on existing research identified in this review (Serfaty et al, 2016(Serfaty et al, , 2020.…”