The clinical anatomy of variations of the pectoralis minor

Burley, Halle E.K.; Haładaj, Robert; Olewnik, Łukasz; Georgiev, G; Iwanaga, Joe; Tubbs, R. Shane

doi:10.1007/s00276-021-02703-y

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The clinical consequences of variants are usually minor; however, there is some evidence that PM muscle insertion has the potential to cause neurovascular compression. [36] Surgical treatment should be planned after adequate examination with appropriate imaging modalities in patients unresponsive to conservative treatment.…”

Section: Treatment Conservative Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectoralis minor syndrome

Aktaş¹

2022

Turk J Phys Med Rehab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) is defined as compression of the brachial plexus (BP) nerves, axillary artery, and axillary vein under the pectoralis minor muscle. The symptoms of PMS resemble supraclavicular compression of the neurovascular bundle, with shoulder, neck, chest, and arm pain, and paresthesia and weakness in the arm and hand. The diagnosis of PMS can be confused with other upper extremity pain syndromes. A detailed history, including occupation, daily activities, sports, and trauma, is critical in the diagnosis, together with physical examination findings. Radiological examinations, including direct radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrophysiological tests, are also helpful for the differential diagnosis. Arterial and venous Doppler ultrasound, including dynamic investigation, can display arterial and venous compression. Injection tests are used to confirm the definitive diagnosis. Conservative treatment is successful in most patients, and surgical treatment is considered in unresponsive cases.

show abstract

Section: Treatment Conservative Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectoralis minor syndrome

Aktaş¹

2022

Turk J Phys Med Rehab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The correlations between the coracohumeral ligament and the pectoralis minor end have been highlighted by several researchers. Such variations that are, in clinical practice, normally discovered in the course of rotator cuff syndrome surgery, should be considered during the diagnosis of mechanical impingement [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Variations in the Pectoralis Minor Muscle Origin and Insertion: A Systematic Review

AlHarbi

2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pathology of the shoulder is among the most widespread medical presentations and may be a result of existing anatomical variations. Therefore, the knowledge of the variations is vital for physicians and clinicians, tasked with treating patients presenting similar complaints to minimize misdiagnosis and prevent iatrogenic injuries. Therefore, the main objective of the present systematic review the variations in pectoralis minor muscle origin and insertion/attachment point. The study also seeks to better inform physicians and clinicians of the task of treating patients with various pathology problems and to ascertain that, upon identification, the pectoralis minor muscle variants are aptly appreciated. The search method used in this systematic review entails the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, and the searching of several online databases, for studies focusing on variations in pectoralis minor muscles. The author reviewer evaluated the studies for eligibility, and the selection criteria for the studies used are described below. This systematic review has disclosed that, in some individuals, the pectoralis minor muscles have their origins in the second, third, and fourth ribs, even as others have their origin in the third and fourth ribs. Still, the systematic review has disclosed that, in certain individuals, the insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle occurs at the supraspinatus tendon, even as there are anomalies in the pectoralis minor insertion points linked to subacromial impingement, possible compression of the brachial plexus anteromedial and the axillary artery, and the subcoracoid impingement.

show abstract

“…There are many reported anatomical variations. [ 9 , 10 ] Deviations from the general pattern of origin and insertion of the PM are relatively common; as many as 23% of people demonstrate some variation. [ 9 ] In addition, PM muscle thickness may vary depending on the underlying pathology; for example, in spasticity, the thickness of the muscle may decrease below 0.5 cm (Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%