The climatology of planetary boundary layer height in China derived from
radiosonde and reanalysis data

Guo, Jianping; Miao, Yucong; Zhang, Yong; Liu, Huan; Li, Zhanqing; Zhang, Wanchun; He, Jing; Lou, Mengyun; Yan, Yan; Bian, Lingen; Zhai, Panmao

doi:10.5194/acp-16-13309-2016

Cited by 440 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The boundary layer height was set as constant to 1000 m in the model due to the lack of measurements. This was similar to model setups in Lu et al (2013) and field measurement results in Guo et al (2016).…”

Section: Box Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Total OH reactivity measurements were conducted on the Peking University campus (Beijing) in August 2013 and in Heshan (Guangdong province) from October to November 2014. The daily median OH reactivity was 20 ± 11 s −1 in Beijing and 31 ± 20 s −1 in Heshan, respectively. The data in Beijing showed a distinct diurnal pattern with the maxima over 27 s −1 in the early morning and minima below 16 s −1 in the afternoon. The diurnal pattern in Heshan was not as evident as in Beijing. Missing reactivity, defined as the difference between measured and calculated OH reactivity, was observed at both sites, with 21 % missing reactivity in Beijing and 32 % missing reactivity in Heshan. Unmeasured primary species, such as branched alkenes, could contribute to missing reactivity in Beijing, especially during morning rush hours. An observation-based model with the RACM2 (Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism version 2) was used to understand the daytime missing reactivity in Beijing by adding unmeasured oxygenated volatile organic compounds and simulated intermediates of the degradation from primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the model could not find a convincing explanation for the missing reactivity in Heshan, where the ambient air was found to be more aged, and the missing reactivity was presumably attributed to oxidized species, such as unmeasured aldehydes, acids and dicarbonyls. The ozone production efficiency was 21 % higher in Beijing and 30 % higher in Heshan when the model was constrained by the measured reactivity, compared to the calculations with measured and modeled species included, indicating the importance of quantifying the OH reactivity for better understanding ozone chemistry.

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Section: Box Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

et al. 2017

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“…1c in Zhuang et al, 2013b). Thus, the higher AAC values in winter than in summer might result from the higher aerosol emissions, lower boundary height (Guo et al, 2016b) and less rainfall. However, possibly due to the impacts of hygroscopic growth of aerosol caused by higher RH in summer and dust aerosol in spring (Zhuang et al, 2014a), SC is considerably large in these two seasons (Fig.…”

Section: Temporal Variations Of the Aerosol Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface aerosol optical properties in the urban area of Nanjing, west Yangtze River Delta, China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Observational studies of aerosol optical properties are useful for reducing uncertainties in estimations of aerosol radiative forcing and forecasting visibility. In this study, the observed near-surface aerosol optical properties in urban Nanjing are analysed from March 2014 to February 2016. Results show that near-surface urban aerosols in Nanjing are mainly from local emissions and the surrounding regions. They have lower loadings but are more scattering than aerosols in most cities in China. The annual mean aerosol extinction coefficient (EC), single-scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (ASP) at 550 nm are 381.96 Mm −1 , 0.9 and 0.57, respectively. The aerosol absorption coefficient (AAC) is about 1 order of magnitude smaller than its scattering coefficient (SC). However, the absorbing aerosol has a larger Ångström exponent (AAE) value, 1.58 at 470/660 nm, about 0.2 larger than the scattering aerosols (SAE). All the aerosol optical properties follow a near-unimodal pattern, and their values are mostly concentrated around their averages, accounting for more than 60 % of the total samplings. Additionally, they have substantial seasonality and diurnal variations. High levels of SC and AAC all appear in winter due to higher aerosol and trace gas emissions. AAE (ASP) is the smallest (largest) in summer, possibly because of high relative humidity (RH) which also causes considerably larger SC and smaller SAE, although intensive gas-toparticle transformation could produce a large number of finer scattering aerosols in this season. Seasonality of EC is different from the columnar aerosol optical depth. Larger AACs appear during the rush hours of the day while SC and backscattering coefficient (Bsp) only peak in the early morning. Aerosols are fresher in the daytime than at night-time, leading to their larger Ångström exponent and smaller ASP. Different temporal variations between AAC and SC cause the aerosols to be more absorbing (smaller SSA) in autumn, winter and around rush hours. ASP has a good quasi-log-normal growth trend with increasing SC when RH is below 60 %. The correlation between AAC and SC at the site is close but a little smaller than that in suburban Nanjing in spring. Atmospheric visibility decreases exponentially with increasing EC or SC, more sharply in spring and summer, and it could be further deteriorated with increasing SSA and ASP.

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“…The PBLHs are extracted from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim; Dee et al, 2011), with a horizontal resolution of 0.125 • × 0.125 • and 3 h temporal resolution. Guo et al (2016b) have investigated the PBLH in China from January 2011 to July 2015 using both the fine-resolution sounding observations and ECMWF reanalysis data. It was found that the seasonally averaged PBLHs derived from reanalysis are generally in good agreement with those of observations in Beijing.…”

Section: Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM 2.5 is often investigated in order to obtain surface PM 2.5 from satellite observation of AOD with a broad area coverage. However, various factors could affect the AOD-PM 2.5 regressions. Using both ground and satellite observations in Beijing from 2011 to 2015, this study analyzes the influential factors including the aerosol type, relative humidity (RH), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), wind speed and direction, and the vertical structure of aerosol distribution. The ratio of PM 2.5 to AOD, which is defined as η, and the square of their correlation coefficient (R 2 ) have been examined. It shows that η varies from 54.32 to 183.14, 87.32 to 104.79, 95.13 to 163.52, and 1.23 to 235.08 µg m −3 with aerosol type in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. η is smaller for scattering-dominant aerosols than for absorbing-dominant aerosols, and smaller for coarse-mode aerosols than for fine-mode aerosols. Both RH and PBLH affect the η value significantly. The higher the RH, the smaller the η, and the higher the PBLH, the smaller the η. For AOD and PM 2.5 data with the correction of RH and PBLH compared to those without, R 2 of monthly averaged PM 2.5 and AOD at 14:00 LT increases from 0.63 to 0.76, and R 2 of multi-year averaged PM 2.5 and AOD by time of day increases from 0.01 to 0.93, 0.24 to 0.84, 0.85 to 0.91, and 0.84 to 0.93 in four seasons respectively. Wind direction is a key factor for the transport and spatial-temporal distribution of aerosols originated from different sources with distinctive physicochemical characteristics. Similar to the variation in AOD and PM 2.5 , η also decreases with the increasing surface wind speed, indicating that the contribution of surface PM 2.5 concentrations to AOD decreases with surface wind speed. The vertical structure of aerosol exhibits a remarkable change with seasons, with most particles concentrated within about 500 m in summer and within 150 m in winter. Compared to the AOD of the whole atmosphere, AOD below 500 m has a better correlation with PM 2.5 , for which R 2 is 0.77. This study suggests that all the above influential factors should be considered when we investigate the AOD-PM 2.5 relationships.

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The climatology of planetary boundary layer height in China derived from radiosonde and reanalysis data

Cited by 440 publications

References 44 publications

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

The surface aerosol optical properties in the urban area of Nanjing, west Yangtze River Delta, China

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

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The climatology of planetary boundary layer height in China derived from radiosonde and reanalysis data

Cited by 440 publications

References 44 publications

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

The surface aerosol optical properties in the urban area of Nanjing, west Yangtze River Delta, China

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and AOD in Beijing

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Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing