The Climates of California According to the Koppen Classification

Kesseli, John E.

doi:10.2307/210390

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…These phenological differences most likely are the result of climatic differences between the two sites. Don Edwards NWR is characterized by a mediterranean climate with mild summers (Köppen classification Csb), while Cosumnes River Preserve lies at a transition between a mediterranean climate with hot summers (Csa) and a semi-arid warm steppe (Bsh) (Kesseli 1942). When phenological differences were accounted for by matching peak dispersal, the rates were very similar, and were characterized by peak dispersal early in the season tapering off as the season progressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lepidium latifolium reproductive potential and seed dispersal along salinity and moisture gradients

Leininger

Foin

2009

Biol Invasions

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Lepidium latifolium is an aggressive plant species that is invading both wetlands and uplands across a wide range of salinities. This study examined how salinity and moisture gradients influence the potential for invasion by L. latifolium. Three sites in the San Francisco Bay Delta with varying salinity and moisture levels were chosen as research sites. These sites corresponded to a dry (18.32%) freshwater (3.88%) site, a wet (40.53%) brackish (23.16%) site, and a moderately wet (38.33%) saline (32.33%) site. Our results showed that inflorescence number and height were unaffected by salinity or soil moisture. Seed production was significantly affected by salinity (P = 0.0297) and moisture levels (P = 0.0004). Seed production at the high salinity site was reduced by 29% from the freshwater site. Seed production at the wettest site had an 87% reduction from the driest site. Seed viability was also reduced by both salinity (P \ 0.0001) and soil moisture (P \ 0.0001). Viability at the highest salinity site was reduced by 49% from freshwater sites and was reduced by 8% from the wettest to driest sites. Mean seed dispersal distance was 0.23 m greater at the freshwater site, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.1815). The deleterious effects of salinity and moisture resulted in reduced L. latifolium densities in high salinity and moisture locations, but only at the highest salinity site. With increased seed production and viability, drier freshwater sites experience greater propagule pressure, resulting in an increased invasion potential. Therefore, variability along salinity and soil moisture gradients serve as useful metrics for prioritizing control and eradication efforts of L. latifolium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lepidium latifolium reproductive potential and seed dispersal along salinity and moisture gradients

Leininger

Foin

2009

Biol Invasions

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“…The area is approximately 875 km (6.8 • latitude) from North to South and up to 220 km from the coast to the most interior sites. The region of California covered by this study incorporates warm and hot dry summer subtropical climates to semiarid to arid conditions in the Central Valley and southeastern desert regions (modified Köpplen system, Kesseli 1942). The primary analysis was focused on the subspecies M. m. heermanni and M. m. gouldii on the California mainland.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the California Marine Layer on Bill Size in a Generalist Songbird

Greenberg¹,

Danner²

2012

Evolution

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The hypothesis is tested that birds in hotter and drier environments may have larger bills to increase the surface area for heat dissipation. California provides a climatic gradient to test the influence of climate on bill size. Much of California experiences dry warm/hot summers and coastal areas experience cooler summers than interior localities. Based on measurements from 1488 museum skins, song sparrows showed increasing body-size-corrected bill surface area from the coast to the interior and declining in the far eastern desert. As predicted by Newton's convective heat transfer equation, relative bill size increased monotonically with temperature, and then decreased where average high temperatures exceed body temperature. Of the variables considered, distance from coast, average high summer temperature, and potential evapotranspiration showed a strong quadratic association with bill size and rainfall had a weaker negative relationship. Song sparrows on larger, warmer islands also had larger bills. A subsample of radiographed specimens showed that skeletal bill size is also correlated with temperature, demonstrating that bill size differences are not a result of variation in growth and wear of keratin. Combined with recent thermographic studies of heat loss in song sparrow bills, these results support the hypothesis that bill size in California song sparrows is selected for heat dissipation. K E Y W O R D S :Allen's Rule, geographic variation, heat dissipation, mediterranean climate, thermography.

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“…6, 8) is consistent with separate histories of diversification for Cerastes in climatically divergent regions of the CFP. Point Conception is in a region of climatic shift (Russell 1926;Kesseli 1942) that has long been recognized on the basis of latitudinal range studies in benthic marine fauna (Valentine 1966) and strand flora (Breckon and Barbour 1974; Barbour and Johnson 1988). The climatic boundary near Point Conception appears to be driven by shifts in ocean currents at this latitude (Hickey 1979;Huyer 1983;Mü nchow 2000;fig.…”

Section: Biogeographic Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification ofCeanothus(Rhamnaceae) in the California Floristic Province

Bürge

Erwin

Islam

et al. 2011

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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High diversity and endemism in the California Floristic Province (CFP) are an alleged response to the late Cenozoic advent of Mediterranean-type climate in this region. Ceanothus comprises two divergent subgenera with centers of diversity in the CFP. We reconstruct the evolution of Ceanothus by using DNA sequence data from the nuclear gene nitrate reductase. We find that the timing of diversification events is related to geological and climatic history. In both subgenera, diversification is characterized by recent divergence of extant taxa and geographically structured phylogenetic relationships. A strong north-south divergence of subgenus Cerastes across the Transverse Ranges indicates that phylogenetic relationships may be structured by climatically divergent regions of the CFP. Divergence-time estimation suggests that the age of extant diversification in both subgenera is ;6 Ma. This agrees with the fossil record but predates the hypothesized Quaternary (2-Ma) origin of Mediterranean-type climate in the region.

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The Climates of California According to the Koppen Classification

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Lepidium latifolium reproductive potential and seed dispersal along salinity and moisture gradients

Lepidium latifolium reproductive potential and seed dispersal along salinity and moisture gradients

The Influence of the California Marine Layer on Bill Size in a Generalist Songbird

Diversification ofCeanothus(Rhamnaceae) in the California Floristic Province

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