The Climacteric Rise in Fruit Respiration as Controlled by Phosphorylative Coupling

Millerd, Adele; Bonner, James; Biale, J. B.

doi:10.1104/pp.28.3.521

Cited by 100 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The uncoupl,ing hypothesis was supported by experiments with tissue slices which showed the addition of the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol i(DNP) caused an increase in oxygen uptake in tissue slices of preclimacteric but not of clinacteric fruit (9). On the other hand, experiments with isolated mitochondria could not be explained by thiis hypothesis.…”

supporting

confidence: 48%

“…A number of explanations of this phenomenon which have been proposed but not fully sutbstantiated, have been reviewed by Biale (2), Varner (16), Spencer (15) and by Rowan (12). Millerd et al (9) advanced the idea that at the induction of the climacteric an endogenous un-coupler of oxidative phosphorylation was formed which released a restraint on oxygen utilization. Pearson and Robertson (10) and Hulme (7) proposed a different mechanism which could also account for the rise in resipiration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phosphorylation in Avocado Fruit Slices in Relation to the Respiratory Climacteric

Young¹,

Biale²

1967

Plant Physiol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sumiiiary. The rate of uptake of inorganic phosphate by tissue discs from both preclimacteric and climacteric peak avocados is linear for at least 60 minutes. The loss cf 32p upon excessive washing was much greater from peak than from preclimacteric tissue. Short inctubation periods and, most important, rapid washing procedures are essential for meaningful comparisons.Phosphate esterification proceed,ed at a much greater rate in climacteric than in preclimacteric tissue. The phosphorylation was sensitive to 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The A-DP to ATP ratio decreased materially with the advance of ripening. It was concluded that neither uncoupling nor acceptor control can account for the onset of the respiratory rise. Changes in permeability appear to play an important role in fruit metabol,ism during the climacteric.Many fruit exhibit a marked increase in respiratory activity shortly after picking which has been referred to as the climacteric rise in respiration. A number of explanations of this phenomenon which have been proposed but not fully sutbstantiated, have been reviewed by Biale (2), Varner (16), Spencer (15) and by Rowan (12). Millerd et al. (9) advanced the idea that at the induction of the climacteric an endogenous un-coupler of oxidative phosphorylation was formed which released a restraint on oxygen utilization. Pearson and Robertson (10) and Hulme (7) proposed a different mechanism which could also account for the rise in resipiration. They suggested that oxidation was limited by the amount of ADP available to the phosphorylative sites in the preclimacteric tissue. With the induction of the clifmacteric increased protein synthesis would tendi to increase the ADP/ATP ratio and release respiration from the restraint imposed by limiting levels of ADP.The uncoupl,ing hypothesis was supported by experiments with tissue slices which showed the addition of the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol i(DNP) caused an increase in oxygen uptake in tissue slices of preclimacteric but not of clinacteric fruit (9). On the other hand, experiments with isolated mitochondria could not be explained by thiis hypothesis. Romani and Biale (11)

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 48%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation in Avocado Fruit Slices in Relation to the Respiratory Climacteric

Young¹,

Biale²

1967

Plant Physiol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the role of phosphorylation in mature fruits and in the ripening process has been the subject of dispute (21,28,34), it now seems clear that phosphorylations are uncoupled by DNP in at least some fully mature fruits (19). Pearson (38), andlhas recently been observed in tomatoes (36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Ethylene Production of Apple Tissue

Burg

Thimann

1960

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Ethylene is considered to be the agent that triggers the climacteric and fruit ripening (34). It is questionable whether protein synthesis constitutes a requisite for the climacteric rise, because the stimulation of glycolysis in preclimacteric fruits by anoxia (11), the acceleration of respiration in preclimacteric slices by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (33), the demonstration of full respiratory capacity of isolated mitochondria from preclimacteric tissue (29), and the development of the climacteric under conditions which may be thought to preclude synthesis of protein (18,31,42), all indicate that the enzymatic capacity of preclimacteric fruits may be adequate to sustain the rates of respiration observed at the height of the climacteric.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities between the Actions of Ethylene and Cyanide in Initiating the Climacteric and Ripening of Avocados

Solomos¹,

Laties²

1974

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A continuous exposure of intact avocados (Persea americana) to 400 ul/l of cyanide results in a rapid increase in the rate of respiration, followed by a rise in ethylene production, and eventual ripening. The pattern of changes in the glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate, fructose diphosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and phosphoenolpyruvate during the rapid rise in respiration in both ethylene and cyanide-treated fruits is similar to that found in fruits made anaerobic where a 2.3-to 3-fold increase in the rate of glycolysis is observed. It is suggested that both during the climacteric and in response to cyanide, glycolysis is enhanced. It is proposed that cyanide implements the diversion of electrons to the cyanide-resistant electron path through structural alterations which are independent of the simultaneous inhibition of cytochrome oxidase.The sharp rise in respiration, the climacteric, which attends the ripening of certain fruits, has been attributed alternatively to a decrease in the "organization resistance" of the cell (11,27) and to an increase in protein synthesis, particularly to the synthesis of one or more enzymes putatively involved in the ripening process (1,17,36). Ethylene is considered to be the agent that triggers the climacteric and fruit ripening (34). It is questionable whether protein synthesis constitutes a requisite for the climacteric rise, because the stimulation of glycolysis in preclimacteric fruits by anoxia (11), the acceleration of respiration in preclimacteric slices by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (33), the demonstration of full respiratory capacity of isolated mitochondria from preclimacteric tissue (29), and the development of the climacteric under conditions which may be thought to preclude synthesis of protein (18,31,42) these observations it has been suggested that glycolysis is accelerated in the course of the climacteric rise in respiration (6,15,40). However, activation of glycolysis per se cannot be the cause of ripening or even of the climacteric, because anaerobiosis, while enhancing glycolysis in avocados (see below) and apples (11), prevents ripening, and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, which enhance respiration and presumably glycolysis in banana slices, neither accelerate ripening nor inhibit it when ripening is induced by ethylene or occurs naturally (31,42). Furthermore, the postulated augmentation of glycolysis during the climacteric cannot be attributed to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, for both the rates of 32P esterification and the levels of ATP increase during the climacteric in a variety of fruits (38,43). Because enhancement of glycolysis appears to attend ripening under conditions which normally call for its diminution, i.e. where there is an elevation in energy charge (2, 43), and because the fruit-ripening hormone, ethylene, enhances glycolysis in yeast (41), we undertook to study, in addition to the effect of ethylene on glycolysis, the effect of cyanide on both glycolysis and ripening; because on the o...

show abstract

The Climacteric Rise in Fruit Respiration as Controlled by Phosphorylative Coupling

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

Phosphorylation in Avocado Fruit Slices in Relation to the Respiratory Climacteric

Phosphorylation in Avocado Fruit Slices in Relation to the Respiratory Climacteric

Studies on the Ethylene Production of Apple Tissue

Similarities between the Actions of Ethylene and Cyanide in Initiating the Climacteric and Ripening of Avocados

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About