The Clay "Rattle" in the Shape of Bear Head and the Variants of Its Usage by the Population of Krotovo Culture (Bronze Age, the end of the 3rd millennium BC, Baraba Forest-Steppe)
Abstract:Приводится всесторонний анализ глиняной погремушки в виде головы медведя, обнаруженной на поселении кротовской культуры Венгерово-2 (Барабинская лесостепь). Представлены результаты морфологического, рентгеноскопического и технологического исследования артефакта. Предложены основные варианты функциональной интерпретации изделия: детская игрушка, ритуальный предмет, музыкальный инструмент. Приведены археологические, этнографические и этноисторические параллели. Сделан вывод о многофункциональности изделия. Ключе… Show more
“…Similar to the ST bronzes, these daggers are also characterized by an advanced level of metalwork, and some have suggested that they are possibly related to the ST phenomenon (Molodin 1993; Parzinger 2000). These items, like the ST objects, mostly represent occasional findings from Central Asia (East Kazakhstan, Altai, and Xinjiang) and southwestern Siberia (Chlenova 1976; Aleshin and Vladimirov 1984; Molodin 1993, 2015; Samashev and Zumabekova 1993; Grushin et al 2006, 2009; Kiryushin et al 2006; Kovalev 2013). As to closed complexes, to date, only two are known to have contained daggers.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Closed complexes containing daggers with figure handles: 9 – burial ground Sopka 2/4B; 12 – the Second Karakol Hoard. Map sources: Chernykh (2015), Chlenova (1976), Alekhin and Vladimirov (1984), Molodin (1983, 1993, 2013, 2015), Samashev and Zumabekova (1993), Grushin et al (2006), Kiryushin et al (2006), Molodin et al (2007, 2011), Kovalev (2013), and Kuzminykh (2011). Map adapted from Encarta Microsoft 2006. Figure 2 Seima-Turbino objects ( 4, 5 – stone, other – bronze) from the burial grounds of southwestern Siberia.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As to closed complexes, to date, only two are known to have contained daggers. These are the hoard of five daggers from eastern Kyrgyzstan (the Second Karakol Hoard, Karakol village; Vinnik and Kuz’mina 1981) and burials 425, 427, 443 of the Sopka 2/4B site (Baraba forest-steppe, southwestern Siberia; Molodin 1993, 2015). Earlier, the chronology of these daggers was based on their stylistic comparison with metal objects from various Bronze Age Siberian archaeological cultures (Elunino, Krotovo, Karasuk) and also with the ST metal complex, and was attributed to the first half (Molodin 1993; Parzinger 2000) or the end of the 2nd millennium BC (Chlenova 1976; Kiryushin and Grushin 2009; Papin and Fedoruk 2009; Kovtun 2013).…”
This paper discusses the chronology of burial grounds containing specific Seima-Turbino type bronze weaponry (spears, knives, and celts). The “transcultural” Seima-Turbino phenomenon relates to a wide distribution of specific objects found within the sites of different Bronze Age cultures in Eurasia, not immediately related to each other. The majority of the Seima-Turbino objects represent occasional findings, and they are rarely recovered from burial grounds. Here, we present a new set of14C dates from cemeteries in western Siberia, including the key Asian site Rostovka, with the largest number of graves containing Seima-Turbino objects. Currently, the presented database is the most extensive for the Seima-Turbino complexes. The resulting radiocarbon (14C) chronology for the western Siberian sites (22nd–20th centuries cal BC) is older than the existing chronology based on typological analysis (16th–15th centuries BC) and some earlier14C dates for the Seima-Turbino sites in eastern Europe. Another important aspect of this work is14C dating of complexes within specific bronze objects—daggers with figured handles—which some researchers have related to the Seima-Turbino type objects. These items are mostly represented by occasional finds in Central Asia, however, in western Siberia these have been recovered from burials, too. The14C dating attributes these daggers to the end of the 3rd millennium cal BC, suggesting their similar timing to the Seima-Turbino objects. Further research into freshwater reservoir offsets in the region is essential for a more reliable reconstruction of the chronology of the Seima-Turbino phenomenon and the daggers with figured handles.
“…Similar to the ST bronzes, these daggers are also characterized by an advanced level of metalwork, and some have suggested that they are possibly related to the ST phenomenon (Molodin 1993; Parzinger 2000). These items, like the ST objects, mostly represent occasional findings from Central Asia (East Kazakhstan, Altai, and Xinjiang) and southwestern Siberia (Chlenova 1976; Aleshin and Vladimirov 1984; Molodin 1993, 2015; Samashev and Zumabekova 1993; Grushin et al 2006, 2009; Kiryushin et al 2006; Kovalev 2013). As to closed complexes, to date, only two are known to have contained daggers.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Closed complexes containing daggers with figure handles: 9 – burial ground Sopka 2/4B; 12 – the Second Karakol Hoard. Map sources: Chernykh (2015), Chlenova (1976), Alekhin and Vladimirov (1984), Molodin (1983, 1993, 2013, 2015), Samashev and Zumabekova (1993), Grushin et al (2006), Kiryushin et al (2006), Molodin et al (2007, 2011), Kovalev (2013), and Kuzminykh (2011). Map adapted from Encarta Microsoft 2006. Figure 2 Seima-Turbino objects ( 4, 5 – stone, other – bronze) from the burial grounds of southwestern Siberia.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As to closed complexes, to date, only two are known to have contained daggers. These are the hoard of five daggers from eastern Kyrgyzstan (the Second Karakol Hoard, Karakol village; Vinnik and Kuz’mina 1981) and burials 425, 427, 443 of the Sopka 2/4B site (Baraba forest-steppe, southwestern Siberia; Molodin 1993, 2015). Earlier, the chronology of these daggers was based on their stylistic comparison with metal objects from various Bronze Age Siberian archaeological cultures (Elunino, Krotovo, Karasuk) and also with the ST metal complex, and was attributed to the first half (Molodin 1993; Parzinger 2000) or the end of the 2nd millennium BC (Chlenova 1976; Kiryushin and Grushin 2009; Papin and Fedoruk 2009; Kovtun 2013).…”
This paper discusses the chronology of burial grounds containing specific Seima-Turbino type bronze weaponry (spears, knives, and celts). The “transcultural” Seima-Turbino phenomenon relates to a wide distribution of specific objects found within the sites of different Bronze Age cultures in Eurasia, not immediately related to each other. The majority of the Seima-Turbino objects represent occasional findings, and they are rarely recovered from burial grounds. Here, we present a new set of14C dates from cemeteries in western Siberia, including the key Asian site Rostovka, with the largest number of graves containing Seima-Turbino objects. Currently, the presented database is the most extensive for the Seima-Turbino complexes. The resulting radiocarbon (14C) chronology for the western Siberian sites (22nd–20th centuries cal BC) is older than the existing chronology based on typological analysis (16th–15th centuries BC) and some earlier14C dates for the Seima-Turbino sites in eastern Europe. Another important aspect of this work is14C dating of complexes within specific bronze objects—daggers with figured handles—which some researchers have related to the Seima-Turbino type objects. These items are mostly represented by occasional finds in Central Asia, however, in western Siberia these have been recovered from burials, too. The14C dating attributes these daggers to the end of the 3rd millennium cal BC, suggesting their similar timing to the Seima-Turbino objects. Further research into freshwater reservoir offsets in the region is essential for a more reliable reconstruction of the chronology of the Seima-Turbino phenomenon and the daggers with figured handles.
Along with ordinary utilitarian things, Seymа-Turbinо casters made technically advanced products devoid of pragmatic functions. Miniature copies of full-size prestigious products were found in graves and shrines. Probably, communities of metalworkers treated these miniature tools as material symbols of their group identification. Numerous finds made in Petrovka, Sintashta, and Seymа-Turbino archeological sites mean that these metal miniatures were in high demand. Low-rank metal workers might have been buried with miniature samples of less technologically advanced tools. Full-size sophisticated tools, as well as their miniature copies in children's graves, could symbolize individual status. Miniature artistic castings that served as pommels on massive curved knives marked the prestigious status of this type of weapon and symbolically equated it with the Tools of the Creation. The figurines that adorned the Seyma-Turbino weapon not only emphasized its impressive size, but also gave the owners of these perfect products a higher social status. The miniature sculpture, which adorned only some of the Seyma-Turbino metal products, individualized serial samples. Thus, the microtechnics reflected not only the new possibilities of Seyma-Turbino metalworking, but also the regulatory requirements for the design of prestigious metal products. The renewal of the material ambiance was caused by the spread of serial products, the so-called quick things. It reflected the need to strengthen the connection between the owner and the possession, which was inherent to individual single-piece production
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