The civic and political participation of young people in a context of heightened authoritarianism. The case of Turkey

Abstract

Applying insights from research on civic and political participation, this study focuses on the effects that the recent authoritarian turn taken by Turkey had on the expression of participatory behaviours by young people. The analysis brings about a number of contentious issues and intertwines two recent dynamics. First of all recent events (such as the protests associated with the occupygezi movement) show that youth in Turkey are extremely important players and political actors. Secondly, however, the authoritarian turn taken by the country under the AKP's governance resulted in serious and alarming limitations to the exercise of basic freedoms and hence participatory behaviours. Based on the results of 40 semi-structured interviews with young people involved in civil society organisations, the article discusses three aspects: young people's view of active citizenship; the instruments of empowerment that stimulate participatory behaviours and the significance attributed by young people to different means of civic and political participation. The analysis reveals the complexity of active citizenship in a context of heightened authoritarianism and underlines the constraints put on the exercise of civic and political participation by the current government. It also unpacks the alarming consequences of the AKP agenda on the expression of freedoms, with a particular focus on the repression of participatory behaviours.

Youth environmental citizenship formation: Struggled political subjectivities and everyday experiences of young people in Turkey

“…Accordingly, we studied their political subjectivities and socio‐spatial socialisation. We believe that it is of great importance to acknowledge young people with oppressed (environmental) identities in Turkey, where democracy is contested by the country's authoritarian turn, resulting in serious and alarming limitations in exercising basic freedoms (Bee, 2021), and where the economy faces a major recession (Altınörs & Akçay, 2022). We attempt to acknowledge the intersectionality , as it is situated in particular social and spatial contexts of inequalities (Yuval‐Davis, 2015), by exploring unequal participation of young people along the social divisions of gender, ethnicity, class, religious identity and rural–urban origin.…”

“…Many high school students in Turkey find opportunities to participate in TUBITAK-funded (research institute in Turkey) projects on climate change with teacher supervision. However, participating in demonstrations on climate change or engaging in climate activism is not feasible for many individuals due to the high level of political pressure they encounter (Bee, 2021).…”