The circulation and residence time of the strait of Georgia using a simple mixing‐box approach

Pawlowicz, Rich; Riche, Olivier G. J.; Halverson, Mark

doi:10.3137/ao.450401

Cited by 116 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, in the 314 deep Strait of Georgia in the winter, the increase in DOC in the winter is accompanied by 315 a decrease in O 2 . Since the deep water of the Strait is renewed only a few times a year, in 316 the late spring and late summer (Masson, 2002;Pawlowicz et al, 2007), it becomes 317 stagnant in the winter, and oxidation of organic matter uses up oxygen. For DOC to be 318 produced at the same time, it must be derived from the breakdown of POC.…”

Section: Inventories and Fluxes 191mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water column organic carbon in a Pacific marginal sea (Strait of Georgia, Canada)

Johannessen

Potentier

Wright

et al. 2008

Marine Environmental Research

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Section: Inventories and Fluxes 191mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water column organic carbon in a Pacific marginal sea (Strait of Georgia, Canada)

Johannessen

Potentier

Wright

et al. 2008

Marine Environmental Research

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“…These same coastal and topographic features create long residence times, causing carbon to accumulate and making the strait DIC-rich relative to the open ocean ) despite a strong, seasonal DIC upwelling signal over the outer shelf (Bianucci et al, 2011). The large freshwater footprint, together with the abundance of previous circulation (e.g., LeBlond, 1983;Pawlowicz et al, 2007), ecology (e.g., Masson and Peña, 2009;Allen and Wolfe, 2013), and acidification studies (e.g., Moore-Maley et al, 2016;Ianson et al, 2016) make the strait an ideal system for investigating the response of pH and A to freshwater carbonate chemistry in a complicated estuarine setting.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region of the Fraser plume is dominated by estuarine circulation and wind-mixing. The dynamics have been well studied (e.g., Pawlowicz et al, 2007), giving us the information to effectively parameterize higherdimensional processes with a one-dimensional (1-D) model (Collins et al, 2009;Allen and Wolfe, 2013). The benefits of a 1-D model are the quick run times that allow us to simulate many parameter variations over multiple annual cycles ( Moore-Maley et al, 2016).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Fraser River, the primary freshwater source, drains approximately 238 000 km 2 with seasonally variable discharge (∼ 800 to 12 000 m 3 s −1 at Hope, ECCC data, http://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca) due to summer snow/ice melt and lack of dams throughout most of the watershed. This large freshwater flux is partially contained by narrow passages and tidal mixing over sills (Pawlowicz et al, 2007), and thus imparts a significant freshwater influence on the strait, especially compared with regions where large rivers meet the ocean directly, such as the nearby Columbia River plume region (Roegner et al, 2011). These same coastal and topographic features create long residence times, causing carbon to accumulate and making the strait DIC-rich relative to the open ocean ) despite a strong, seasonal DIC upwelling signal over the outer shelf (Bianucci et al, 2011).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use profiles of temperature, salinity, fluorescence, chlorophyll a, nitrate, and dissolved silica (1999 through 2012) measured near the model site (Pawlowicz et al, 2007;Masson, 2006;Masson and Peña, 2009;Peña et al, 2016) (Diane Masson, personal communication, 2014) to initialize the model (see Moore-Maley et al, 2016). Model runs are initialized in fall and run through a full year and then beyond until the end of the following December.…”

Section: Initialization and Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sensitivity of estuarine aragonite saturation state and pH to the carbonate chemistry of a freshet-dominated river

2018

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Abstract. Ocean acidification threatens to reduce pH and aragonite saturation state ( A ) in estuaries, potentially damaging their ecosystems. However, the impact of highly variable river total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on pH and A in these estuaries is unknown. We assess the sensitivity of estuarine surface pH and A to river TA and DIC using a coupled biogeochemical model of the Strait of Georgia on the Canadian Pacific coast and place the results in the context of global rivers. The productive Strait of Georgia estuary has a large, seasonally variable freshwater input from the glacially fed, undammed Fraser River. Analyzing TA observations from this river plume and pH from the river mouth, we find that the Fraser is moderately alkaline (TA 500-1000 µmol kg −1 ) but relatively DICrich. Model results show that estuarine pH and A are sensitive to freshwater DIC and TA, but do not vary in synchrony except at high DIC : TA. The asynchrony occurs because increased freshwater TA is associated with increased DIC, which contributes to an increased estuarine DIC : TA and reduces pH, while the resulting higher carbonate ion concentration causes an increase in estuarine A . When freshwater DIC : TA increases (beyond ∼ 1.1), the shifting chemistry causes a paucity of the carbonate ion that overwhelms the simple dilution/enhancement effect. At this high DIC : TA ratio, estuarine sensitivity to river chemistry increases overall. Furthermore, this increased sensitivity extends to reduced flow regimes that are expected in future. Modulating these negative impacts is the seasonal productivity in the estuary which draws down DIC and reduces the sensitivity of estuarine pH to increasing DIC during the summer season.

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Satellite chlorophyll off the British Columbia Coast, 1997-2010

Jackson

Thomson

Brown

et al. 2015

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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We examine the spatial and temporal variability of satellite-sensed sea surface chlorophyll off the west coast of North America from 1997 to 2010, with focus on coastal British Columbia. The variability in surface chlorophyll is complex. Whereas the spring bloom generates the highest phytoplankton concentration for coastal Alaska, the north and east coasts of Haida Gwaii, Queen Charlotte Sound, the Strait of Georgia, and coastal Oregon and California, it is the fall bloom that normally generates the highest concentration for the west coast of Vancouver Island, Juan de Fuca Strait, and the west coast of Washington. The highest satellite-sensed chlorophyll concentrations occur in the Strait of Georgia, where mean values are at least 2 times higher than elsewhere in the northeast Pacific. Moreover, the annual average surface chlorophyll concentration increased significantly in the Strait of Georgia during this period, with highest concentration observed during the near neutral ENSO conditions of the spring of 2007. The next highest concentrations occur off southwest Vancouver Island but have no statistically significant trend. The lowest average peak chlorophyll concentration is observed off Southern California. The timing of the highest chlorophyll concentration is latest off the coast of Washington and earliest off the coast of Southern California. Small increasing concentration trends are observed off the Washington and California coasts.

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The circulation and residence time of the strait of Georgia using a simple mixing‐box approach

Cited by 116 publications

References 30 publications

Water column organic carbon in a Pacific marginal sea (Strait of Georgia, Canada)

Water column organic carbon in a Pacific marginal sea (Strait of Georgia, Canada)

The sensitivity of estuarine aragonite saturation state and pH to the carbonate chemistry of a freshet-dominated river

Satellite chlorophyll off the British Columbia Coast, 1997-2010

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