The circulating plasma metabolome of Neoparamoeba perurans-infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Lazado, Carlo C.; Breiland, Mette W.; Furtado, Francisco; Burgerhout, Erik; Strand, David

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105553

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Each group had 360 fish stocked in 1 800-L tank. AGD was induced in the infected group by exposing the fish to Neoparamoeba perurans : the isolate was from an outbreak in South-West Norway during Autumn of 2019 ( 17 ). The pathogenicity of the isolate was established earlier in a pre-trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA was extracted from the gill swabs using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The DNA samples were analyzed using a N. perurans specific qPCR to confirm the presence of N. perurans and estimate DNA copies as a measure of parasite load ( 17 ). The samples were analyzed on the CFX96 Touch System (Biorad, California, USA) with 25 µl reactions consisting of 12.5 µl TaqPath qPCR Mastermix, 500 nM of each primer and 250 nM of probe (forward primer 5’-GTT CTT TCG GGA GCT GGG AG-3’, reverse primer 5’- CAT GAT TCA CCA TAT GTT AAA TTT CC-3’ and probe 5’-FAM/CTC CGA AAA/ZEN/GAA TGG CAT TGG CTT TTG A/3IABkFQ-3’), PCR grade water, and 5 µl DNA sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AGD initiates immunological responses in the gill mucosa, but changes can also be observed at the systemic level ( 11 , 16 , 17 ). Mucins are glycopolymers of mucus, and the expression of two mucins ( muc5 , muc18 ) showed differential regulation in AGD-affected fish where upregulation of the secreted muc5 was detected, while the membrane bound muc18 demonstrated downregulation ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucosal immune and stress responses of Neoparamoeba perurans-infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) treated with peracetic acid shed light on the host-parasite-oxidant interactions

et al. 2022

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Treatment development for parasitic infestation is often limited to disease resolution as an endpoint response, and physiological and immunological consequences are not thoroughly considered. Here, we report the impact of exposing Atlantic salmon affected with amoebic gill disease (AGD) to peracetic acid (PAA), an oxidative chemotherapeutic. AGD-affected fish were treated with PAA either by exposing them to 5 ppm for 30 min or 10 ppm for 15 min. Unexposed fish from both infected and uninfected groups were also included. Samples for molecular, biochemical, and histological evaluations were collected at 24 h, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post-treatment. Behavioral changes were observed during PAA exposure, and post-treatment mortality was higher in the infected and PAA treated groups, especially in 10 ppm for 15 min. Plasma indicators showed that liver health was affected by AGD, though PAA treatment did not exacerbate the infection-related changes. Transcriptome profiling in the gills showed significant changes, triggered by AGD and PAA treatments, and the effects of PAA were more notable 24 h after treatment. Genes related to immune pathways of B- and T- cells and protein synthesis and metabolism were downregulated, where the magnitude was more remarkable in 10 ppm for 15 min group. Even though treatment did not fully resolve the pathologies associated with AGD, 5 ppm for 30 min group showed lower parasite load at 4 weeks post-treatment. Mucous cell parameters (i.e., size and density) increased within 24 h post-treatment and were significantly higher at termination, especially in AGD-affected fish, with some treatment effects influenced by the dose of PAA. Infection and treatments resulted in oxidative stress—in the early phase in the gill mucosa, while systemic reactive oxygen species (ROS) dysregulation was evident at the later stage. Infected fish responded to elevated circulating ROS by increasing antioxidant production. Exposing the fish to a crowding stress revealed the interference in the post-stress responses. Lower cortisol response was displayed by AGD-affected groups. Collectively, the study established that PAA, within the evaluated treatment protocols, could not provide a convincing treatment resolution and, thus, requires further optimization. Nonetheless, PAA treatment altered the mucosal immune and stress responses of AGD-affected Atlantic salmon, shedding light on the host-parasite-treatment interactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucosal immune and stress responses of Neoparamoeba perurans-infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) treated with peracetic acid shed light on the host-parasite-oxidant interactions

et al. 2022

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Metabolomics and Multi-Omics Determination of Potential Plasma Biomarkers in PRV-1-Infected Atlantic Salmon

Ivanova,

Rangel-Huerta,

Tartor

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Metabolomic analysis has been explored to search for disease biomarkers in humans for some time. The application to animal species, including fish, however, is still at the beginning. In the present study, we have used targeted and untargeted metabolomics to identify metabolites in the plasma of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV-1), aiming to find metabolites associated with the progression of PRV-1 infection into heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). The metabolomes of control and PRV-1-infected salmon were compared at three time points during disease development by employing different biostatistical approaches. Targeted metabolomics resulted in the determination of affected metabolites and metabolic pathways, revealing a substantial impact of PRV-1 infection on lipid homeostasis, especially on several (lyso)phosphatidylcholines, ceramides, and triglycerides. Untargeted metabolomics showed a clear separation of the treatment groups at later study time points, mainly due to effects on lipid metabolism pathways. In a subsequent multi-omics approach, we combined both metabolomics datasets with previously reported proteomics data generated from the same salmon plasma samples. Data processing with DIABLO software resulted in the identification of significant metabolites and proteins that were representative of the HSMI development in the salmon.

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The circulating plasma metabolome of Neoparamoeba perurans-infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Mucosal immune and stress responses of Neoparamoeba perurans-infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) treated with peracetic acid shed light on the host-parasite-oxidant interactions

Mucosal immune and stress responses of Neoparamoeba perurans-infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) treated with peracetic acid shed light on the host-parasite-oxidant interactions

Metabolomics and Multi-Omics Determination of Potential Plasma Biomarkers in PRV-1-Infected Atlantic Salmon

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