The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production

Abstract

In this work, the capacity of wastewater from an inland fishery system in Colombia (Norte de Santander) was tested as culture medium for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. Due to insufficient N and P concentrations for successful algae growth, the effect of wastewater replenishment with NO3, PO4, and Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 as a carbon source was analyzed using a three-factor nonfactorial response surface design. The results showed that the addition of NaNO3 (0.125 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.075 g/L), KH2PO4 (0.75 g/L), and NaHCO3 (0.5 and 2 g/L for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. respectively) significantly increased the biomass of Chlorella sp. (0.87 g/L) and Scenedesmus sp. (0.83 g/L). Although these results show that the addition of other nutrients is not necessary (Na, Mg, SO4, Ca, etc.), it is still essential to determine the quality of the biomass produced in terms of its application as a feed supplement for fish production.

Environmental Footprint of Inland Fisheries: Integrating LCA Analysis to Assess the Potential of Wastewater-Based Microalga Cultivation as a Promising Solution for Animal Feed Production

“…One of the main problems in the sustainable usage of inland fisheries wastewater is its low nitrogen concentration (especially nitrate) and phosphate (orthophosphate) bioavailable to produce large concentrations of algal biomass [31,32]. Therefore, there is a chance that the extra addition of NO 3 − and PO 4 − into the production system may be found in the exhausted media, which, in turn, can contribute directly to freshwater eutrophication and marine eutrophication indicators, generating a high pollution load to the system under assessment (Figure 4).…”

“…The alga used in this study is a strain of Chlorella sp. (CHLO_UFPS010), previously isolated in another study [32]. The biomass production kinetics, NO 3 − and PO 4 − consump-tion kinetics were obtained from García-Martínez et al [32] and the data on CO 2 removal, energy consumption, mass transfer, and wastewater were obtained from García-Martínez et al [31].…”

“…Largescale production is separated into processes with associated input requirements (energy consumption, nutrients, fresh or sea water, and others). The most common processes are cultivation, dehydration, harvesting, drying, and further processing (extraction, stabilization, and packaging), which has an environmental footprint [28][29][30][31][32].…”

A Phytochemical Approach to the Removal of Contaminants from Industrial Dyeing Wastewater

“…The advantages of biological processes include environmental compatibility, competitive cost, non-hazardous metabolites, and reduced water consumption [19]. In recent times, microalgae and cyanobacteria have emerged as sustainable remedies for eliminating harmful substances present in various wastewater types, such as agricultural runoff [20], domestic wastewater [21], agroindustrial wastewaters [22][23][24][25], and landfill leachate [26]. It was reported that Cosmarium species could attenuate malachite green dye at temperatures of 5-45 • C and pH 9, demonstrating its ability to treat wastewater containing this pollutant [27].…”