The circadian output signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei

Li, Jia-Da; Hu, Wang‐Ping; Zhou, Qun‐Yong

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59427-3.00028-9

Cited by 70 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…We showed here that one major function of Tshz1 in the OB of mice is to maintain the expression of Prokr2. Prokineticin signaling is involved in several biological processes, including nociception, circadian rhythm, and neurogenesis (17,42,43). PK2 and its receptor, PROKR2, are essential factors for normal OB development (16,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

Ragancokova¹,

Rocca²,

Oonk³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

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The olfactory bulb (OB) receives odor information from the olfactory epithelium and relays this to the olfactory cortex. Using a mouse model, we found that development and maturation of OB interneurons depends on the zinc finger homeodomain factor teashirt zinc finger family member 1 (TSHZ1). In mice lacking TSHZ1, neuroblasts exhibited a normal tangential migration to the OB; however, upon arrival to the OB, the neuroblasts were distributed aberrantly within the radial dimension, and many immature neuroblasts failed to exit the rostral migratory stream. Conditional deletion of Tshz1 in mice resulted in OB hypoplasia and severe olfactory deficits. We therefore investigated olfaction in human subjects from families with congenital aural atresia that were heterozygous for TSHZ1 loss-of-function mutations. These individuals displayed hyposmia, which is characterized by impaired odor discrimination and reduced olfactory sensitivity. Microarray analysis, in situ hybridization, and ChIP revealed that TSHZ1 bound to and regulated expression of the gene encoding prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2), a G protein-coupled receptor essential for OB development. Mutations in PROKR2 lead to Kallmann syndrome, characterized by anosmia and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Our data indicate that TSHZ1 is a key regulator of mammalian OB development and function and controls the expression of molecules involved in human Kallmann syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

Ragancokova¹,

Rocca²,

Oonk³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…These proteins have been reported to control multiple biological processes (5,7,29), although the processes that EG-VEGF controls are related mainly to the success of pregnancy (6 -8, 23). Importantly, recent data reported that the levels of circulating EG-VEGF were correlated to the quality of embryonic cohorts used in assisted reproductive technologies as well as to the rates of successful pregnancies (8,31,44).…”

Section: E365 Eg-vegf Mediates Ppar␥ Effects During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

PPARγ controls pregnancy outcome through activation of EG-VEGF: new insights into the mechanism of placental development

Garnier

Traboulsi

Salomón

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Primary targets of the SCN outputs are predominantly located in the hypothalamus and the thalamus (see Fig. 18.10 and references in Li et al (2012)). How does the circadian information of the SCN reach the other brain areas?…”

Section: Scn and Its Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Light Resets Circadian Clocks

2014

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The daily revolutions of the earth around its axis are responsible for day and night and its annual orbit around the sun for the seasons with their fluctuations in day length. Most organisms have adapted to these diurnal and annual cycles. The strategies and mechanisms used are quite delicate and complicated.It came as a surprise that photosynthesis and many other processes are, however, additionally controlled by internal clocks. Thus, photosynthesis fluctuates not only during the daily light-dark cycle (=LD; see the List of Abbreviations and http://www.circadian.org/dictionary.html) but also when the plants are kept under LL and constant temperature (Hennessey and Field 1991). However, the period length (period for short) of this rhythmic event then deviates from exactly 24 h and is therefore called circadian (from Latin circa, about, and dies, day). If in the absence of LD and temperature cycles other 24 h time cues (also called zeitgeber, German for time giver) would control the rhythm, it should show an exact 24 h rhythm. This is not the case, demonstrating the endogenous nature of a clock that is locked to light signals (see Fig. 18.1). Spectrum of RhythmsEndogenous rhythms of organisms are not only tuned to the daily cycle of 24 h. The range of rhythms found in organisms covers ultradian (with periods of several hours to very short ones), circadian, and annual (with periods of about a year) rhythms. Other rhythms such as tidal, 14-day, and monthly ones cope with influences of the moon on the earth, mainly on the water movements of the oceans, and they are therefore found in organisms at the coasts and in the sea. Annual rhythms interact with the day-length changes during the year (see below). There are furthermore rhythms with periods covering several years. The following discussion of a "biological clock" is restricted to circadian rhythms. Even they are often not just composed of one clock type but form a "circadian system" consisting of two or more clocks with different prop- Function of Circadian ClocksThe term "clock" usually implies a time-measuring device or function. For instance, the day length (or night length) can be determined by an organism. Since day length is a function of the time of the year (long days in summer, short days in winter), it can be used to time certain events such as flowering or tuber formation of a plant or breeding of birds and mammals during the most appropriate season. These processes are denoted photoperiodism (see Chap. 19).However, a clock can also be used to set a certain temporal order. For instance, the circadian control of our sleepwake cycle ensures that we rise in the morning and fall asleep in the evening at a preferred time. Food intake and digestion are likewise controlled by this clock and gated to certain times of the day (Silver et al. 2011;Duguay and Cermakian 2009;Forsgren 1935). The circadian clock will time these events also under constant conditions. Furthermore, circadian clocks can serve as alarm clocks.

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The circadian output signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei

Cited by 70 publications

References 59 publications

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

TSHZ1-dependent gene regulation is essential for olfactory bulb development and olfaction

PPARγ controls pregnancy outcome through activation of EG-VEGF: new insights into the mechanism of placental development

How Light Resets Circadian Clocks

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