The circadian flight activity of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> parasitized with the filarial nematode <i>Brugia pahangi</i>

Rowland, Mark; Lindsay, S.W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00420.x

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Perhaps the most striking feature of these results is that the relationship between e¡ect size and the year of publication is contingent upon whether or not a parasiteinduced modi¢cation of host behaviour can be adaptive Bethel & Holmes (1973), (6) Moore (1983b), (7) Brown & Thompson (1986), (8) Moore et al (1994), (9) Daniels (1985), (10) Townson (1970), (11) WÏlker (1985), (12) Rowland & Lindsay (1986), (13) Benton & Pritchard (1990), (14) Moore & Lasswell (1986), (15) Vance (1996), (16) McNair & Timmons (1977), (17) Rau (1983), (18) Hay & Aitken (1984), (19) Saumier et al (1988), (20) Webster (1994), (21) Cox & Holland (1998), (22) Pearre (1979), (23) Lowenberger & Rau (1994), (24) Krause & Godin (1994), (25) Hurd & Fogo (1991), (26) Poulin et al (1992), (27) Robb & Reid (1996), (28) Pasternak et al (1995), (29) Wedekind & Milinski (1996) and (30) …”

Section: (A) Parasite-induced Changes In Host Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm?

Poulin

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

145

116

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New scienti¢c paradigms often generate an early wave of enthusiasm among researchers and a barrage of studies seeking to validate or refute the newly proposed idea. All else being equal, the strength and direction of the empirical evidence being published should not change over time, allowing one to assess the generality of the paradigm based on the gradual accumulation of evidence. Here, I examine the relationship between the magnitude of published quantitative estimates of parasite-induced changes in host behaviour and year of publication from the time the adaptive host manipulation hypothesis was ¢rst proposed. Two independent data sets were used, both originally gathered for other purposes. First, across 137 comparisons between the behaviour of infected and uninfected hosts, the estimated relative in£uence of parasites correlated negatively with year of publication. This e¡ect was contingent upon the transmission mode of the parasites studied. The negative relationship was very strong among studies of parasites which bene¢t from host manipulation (transmission to the next host occurs by predation on an infected intermediate host), i.e. among studies which were explicit tests of the adaptive manipulation hypothesis. There was no correlation with year of publication among studies on other types of parasites which do not seem to receive bene¢ts from host manipulation. Second, among 14 estimates of the relative, parasite-mediated increase in transmission rate (i.e. increases in predation rates by de¢nitive hosts on intermediate hosts), the estimated in£uence of parasites again correlated negatively with year of publication. These results have several possible explanations, but tend to suggest biases with regard to what results are published through time as accepted paradigms changed.

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Section: (A) Parasite-induced Changes In Host Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm?

Poulin

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

145

116

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“…In some cases, a declined activity may be caused by tissue destruction as seen in A . aegypti infected by Brugia pahangi [ 49 ] and in Gryllus integer infected by Ormia ochracea [ 50 ]. However, T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomes Modify the Behavior of Their Insect Hosts: Effects on Locomotion and on the Expression of a Related Gene

et al. 2015

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BackgroundAs a result of evolution, the biology of triatomines must have been significantly adapted to accommodate trypanosome infection in a complex network of vector-vertebrate-parasite interactions. Arthropod-borne parasites have probably developed mechanisms, largely still unknown, to exploit the vector-vertebrate host interactions to ensure their transmission to suitable hosts. Triatomines exhibit a strong negative phototaxis and nocturnal activity, believed to be important for insect survival against its predators.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study we quantified phototaxis and locomotion in starved fifth instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma rangeli. T. cruzi infection did not alter insect phototaxis, but induced an overall 20% decrease in the number of bug locomotory events. Furthermore, the significant differences induced by this parasite were concentrated at the beginning of the scotophase. Conversely, T. rangeli modified both behaviors, as it significantly decreased bug negative phototaxis, while it induced a 23% increase in the number of locomotory events in infected bugs. In this case, the significant effects were observed during the photophase. We also investigated the expression of Rpfor, the triatomine ortholog of the foraging gene known to modulate locomotion in other insects, and found a 4.8 fold increase for T. rangeli infected insects.Conclusions/SignificanceWe demonstrated for the first time that trypanosome infection modulates the locomotory activity of the invertebrate host. T. rangeli infection seems to be more broadly effective, as besides affecting the intensity of locomotion this parasite also diminished negative phototaxis and the expression of a behavior-associated gene in the triatomine vector.

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“…For instance, a switch in plant food preference by caterpillars harbouring larval tachinid fly parasitoids appears beneficial for both host and parasite following careful field experiments (Karban & English-Loeb, 1997). There is yet no simple Rowland & Boersma, 1988Schiefer et al 1977Rossignol et al 1984Jenni et al 1980Killick-Kendrick et al \911 Beach et al 1985Boorstein & Ewald, 1987Simmons, 1994Marikovsky, 1962Nirula, 1957Yen, 1962Roffey, 1968Harper, 1958Eilenberg, 1987Moller, 1993MacLeod et al 1973Maitland, 1994Miller & McClanahan, 1959Webber et al 1987Carney, 1969Romig et al 1980Graham, 1966Hurd & Fogo, 1991Yan et al 1994Robb & Reid, 1996 Gotelli & Moore, 1992Carmichael et al 1993Townson, 1970Rowland & Lindsay, 1986Husain &• Kershaw, 1971Berry et al 1988Colbo & Porter, 1980Benton & Pritchard, 1990Vance, 1996Maeyama et al 1994Wulker, 1985Brodeur & McNeil, 1989McAllister & Roitberg, 1987Shapiro, 1976Stamp, 1981Brodeur & Vet, 1994Miiller & Schmid-Hempel, 1993…”

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and phylogeny of behavioural manipulation of insect hosts by parasites

Poulin

1998

Parasitology

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The literature contains many examples of changes induced by parasites in the behaviour and/or other phenotypic traits of insects. From an evolutionary perspective, the nature of these changes is usually difficult to assess. Parasite-induced changes in host behaviour can be adaptations of either host or parasite, or they can be mere pathological consequences of infection. Of the many criteria and experimental tests necessary to distinguish between adaptations and non-selected consequences, two are particularly important: the demonstration of fitness benefits for either host or parasite associated with the behavioural change, and the elucidation of the proximate mechanism responsible for the behavioural change. Another approach can serve to identify adaptive changes in behavior: mapping specific behavioural alterations on a phylogeny of either hosts or parasites. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated with two examples, acanthocephalan-cockroach associations and insect-fungus associations. The adaptive nature of parasite-induced behavioural changes will always be difficult to evaluate because they are the product of two distinct but interacting genotypes. However, experimental and phylogenetic approaches can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of insect-parasite interactions.

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The circadian flight activity of Aedes aegypti parasitized with the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm?

Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm?

Trypanosomes Modify the Behavior of Their Insect Hosts: Effects on Locomotion and on the Expression of a Related Gene

Evolution and phylogeny of behavioural manipulation of insect hosts by parasites

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