The circadian clock of the bacterium
            <i>B. subtilis</i>
            evokes properties of complex, multicellular circadian systems

Sartor, Francesca; Xu, Xinming; Popp, Tanja; Dodd, Antony N.; Kovács, Ákos T.; Merrow, Martha

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh1308

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…These data underscore how tight the bidirectional connection is between cyanobacterial CC and metabolic rhythms, which, by working in tandem, ensure the precise synchronization of cell physiology with environmental cues [64]. The possibility that the well-defined CR observed in B. subtilis arises from metabolic mechanisms is also under consideration [32,80].…”

Section: Metabolic Rhythms: the Heartbeat Of Circadian Timingmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, emerging evidence indicates the presence of CR in other prokaryotic organisms. For example, circadian-like properties were observed in two bacterial species: Bacillus subtilis [32,80] and Klebsiella aerogenes [33,81,82]. These discoveries could be considered groundbreaking, as scientists have found functional CCs in prokaryotes outside the phylum Cyanobacteria.…”

Section: The Expanding World Of Bacterial Biological Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping

Siebieszuk,

Sejbuk,

Witkowska

2023

IJMS

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The recently observed circadian oscillations of the intestinal microbiota underscore the profound nature of the human–microbiome relationship and its importance for health. Together with the discovery of circadian clocks in non-photosynthetic gut bacteria and circadian rhythms in anucleated cells, these findings have indicated the possibility that virtually all microorganisms may possess functional biological clocks. However, they have also raised many essential questions concerning the fundamentals of biological timekeeping, its evolution, and its origin. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent literature in molecular chronobiology, aiming to bring together the latest evidence on the structure and mechanisms driving microbial biological clocks while pointing to potential applications of this knowledge in medicine. Moreover, it discusses the latest hypotheses regarding the evolution of timing mechanisms and describes the functions of peroxiredoxins in cells and their contribution to the cellular clockwork. The diversity of biological clocks among various human-associated microorganisms and the role of transcriptional and post-translational timekeeping mechanisms are also addressed. Finally, recent evidence on metabolic oscillators and host–microbiome communication is presented.

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Section: Metabolic Rhythms: the Heartbeat Of Circadian Timingmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: The Expanding World Of Bacterial Biological Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping

Siebieszuk,

Sejbuk,

Witkowska

2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evidence for circadian clocks in non-photosynthetic Prokaryotes has been limited, despite the overwhelming evidence of the ubiquity of cyclic mechanisms in different ecosystems. Recent investigations have unveiled circadian rhythms in Bacillus subtilis , a non-photosynthetic bacterium, exhibiting a synchronized 24 h light or temperature cycles with phase-specific characteristics of entrainment [ 18 , 19 ]. Interestingly, this bacterial species does not harbor any Kai protein homologs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel Cycle Proteomics: Illuminating Molecular Dynamics in Purple Bacteria for Optimized Biotechnological Applications

Matallana-Surget,

Geron,

Decroo

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Circadian rhythms, characterized by approximately 24 h cycles, play a pivotal role in enabling various organisms to synchronize their biological activities with daily variations. While ubiquitous in Eukaryotes, circadian clocks remain exclusively characterized in Cyanobacteria among Prokaryotes. These rhythms are regulated by a core oscillator, which is controlled by a cluster of three genes: kaiA, kaiB, and kaiC. Interestingly, recent studies revealed rhythmic activities, potentially tied to a circadian clock, in other Prokaryotes, including purple bacteria such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, known for its applications in fuel and plastic bioproduction. However, the pivotal question of how light and dark cycles influence protein dynamics and the expression of putative circadian clock genes remains unexplored in purple non-sulfur bacteria. Unraveling the regulation of these molecular clocks holds the key to unlocking optimal conditions for harnessing the biotechnological potential of R. rubrum. Understanding how its proteome responds to different light regimes—whether under continuous light or alternating light and dark cycles—could pave the way for precisely fine-tuning bioproduction processes. Here, we report for the first time the expressed proteome of R. rubrum grown under continuous light versus light and dark cycle conditions using a shotgun proteomic analysis. In addition, we measured the impact of light regimes on the expression of four putative circadian clock genes (kaiB1, kaiB2, kaiC1, kaiC2) at the transcriptional and translational levels using RT-qPCR and targeted proteomic (MRM-MS), respectively. The data revealed significant effects of light conditions on the overall differential regulation of the proteome, particularly during the early growth stages. Notably, several proteins were found to be differentially regulated during the light or dark period, thus impacting crucial biological processes such as energy conversion pathways and the general stress response. Furthermore, our study unveiled distinct regulation of the four kai genes at both the mRNA and protein levels in response to varying light conditions. Deciphering the impact of the diel cycle on purple bacteria not only enhances our understanding of their ecology but also holds promise for optimizing their applications in biotechnology, providing valuable insights into the origin and evolution of prokaryotic clock mechanisms.

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Photomorphogenesis of Myxococcus macrosporus: new insights for light-regulation of cell development

Graniczkowska,

Bizhga,

Noda

et al. 2024

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Myxobacteria are non-photosynthetic bacteria distinguished among prokaryotes by a multicellular stage in their life cycle known as fruiting bodies that are formed in response to nutrient deprivation and stimulated by light. Here, we report an entrained, rhythmic pattern of Myxococcus macrosporus fruiting bodies, forming consistently spaced concentric rings when grown in the dark. Light exposure disrupts this rhythmic phenotype, resulting in a sporadic arrangement and reduced fruiting-body count. M. macrosporus genome encodes a red-light photoreceptor, a bacteriophytochrome (BphP), previously shown to affect the fruiting-body formation in the related myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca. Similarly, the formation of M. macrosporus fruiting bodies is also impacted by the exposure to BphP—specific wavelengths of light. RNA-Seq analysis of M. macrosporus revealed constitutive expression of the bphP gene. Phytochromes, as light-regulated enzymes, control many aspects of plant development including photomorphogenesis. They are intrinsically correlated to circadian clock proteins, impacting the overall light-mediated entrainment of the circadian clock. However, this functional relationship remains unexplored in non-photosynthetic prokaryotes. Genomic analysis unveiled the presence of multiple homologs of cyanobacterial core oscillatory gene, kaiC, in various myxobacteria, including M. macrosporus, S. aurantiaca and M. xanthus. RNA-Seq analysis verified the expression of all kaiC homologs in M. macrosporus and the closely related M. xanthus, which lacks bphP genes. Overall, this study unravels the rhythmic growth pattern during M. macrosporus development, governed by environmental factors such as light and nutrients. In addition, myxobacteria may have a time-measuring mechanism resembling the cyanobacterial circadian clock that links the photoreceptor (BphP) function to the observed rhythmic behavior. Graphical abstract

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The circadian clock of the bacterium B. subtilis evokes properties of complex, multicellular circadian systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 88 publications

Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping

Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping

Diel Cycle Proteomics: Illuminating Molecular Dynamics in Purple Bacteria for Optimized Biotechnological Applications

Photomorphogenesis of Myxococcus macrosporus: new insights for light-regulation of cell development

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