The ciliate-copepod link in marine ecosystems

Calbet, Albert; Saiz, Enric

doi:10.3354/ame038157

Cited by 424 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…For example, we observed a quite high composition of Oithona (15.6%) at the first-year bloom and high composition of Acartia (18.2%) at the $$$second-year bloom (data no shown). Although microzooplankton might contribute less than phytoplankton to mesozooplankton diets in terms of ingestion rates in rich food conditions (Calbet and Saiz, 2005;Liu et al, 2005b), our result suggested that carnivorous feeding was always a reason for the reduction of the clearance rate of phytoplankton by mesozooplankton assemblage even during phytoplankton bloom in addition to functional response. Preference on microzooplankton by copepods during phytoplankton bloom and associated trophic cascades were also reported in other coastal and estuarine waters (e.g., Fessenden and Cowles, 1994;Liu et al, 2005a).…”

Section: The Effect Of Mesozooplankton Carnivorymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…It has been reported by many field studies that when omnivorous species dominate in assemblage, mesozooplankton or copepods (a major group of mesozooplankton) often prefer feeding on microzooplankton to phytoplankton due to larger sizes and higher nutritional quality of microzooplankton (e.g., Stoecker and Capuzzo, 1990;Gifford, 1991;Fessenden and Cowles, 1994;Atkinson et al, 1996;Nejstgaard et al, 2001;Zeldis et al, 2002;Calbet and Saiz, 2005;Liu et al, 2005b;Gifford et al, 2007). Predation on microzooplankton is also an important feeding strategy of omnivorous species that are able to switch their feeding behaviors to conquer food limitation or to survive during nuisance phytoplankton blooms in coastal waters (Kiørboe et al, 1996;Nejstgaard et al, 1997;Gifford et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

2017

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In order to understand how mesozooplankton assemblages influenced phytoplankton in coastal and estuarine waters, we carried out a monthly investigation on mesozooplankton composition at two contrasting stations of Hong Kong coastal and estuarine waters and simultaneously conducted bottle incubation feeding experiments. The assemblage of mesozooplankton was omnivorous at both stations with varying carnivory degree (the degree of feeding preference of protozoa and animal food to phytoplankton) and the variations of carnivory degree were significantly associated with microzooplankton biomass (ciliates for the coastal station, both ciliates and dinoflagellates for the estuarine stations) and physical environmental parameters (primarily salinity). High carnivory was primarily due to high composition of noctilucales, Corycaeus spp., Oithona spp. and Acartia spp. Results of feeding experiments showed that grazing impacts on phytoplankton ranged from −5.9 to 17.7%, while the mean impacts were just <4% at both stations. The impacts were size-dependent, by which mesozooplankton consumed around 9% of large-sized phytoplankton while indirectly caused an increase of 4% of small-sized phytoplankton. Mesozooplankton clearance rate on phytoplankton, calculated from the log response of chlorophyll a concentrations by the introduction of bulk grazers after 1-day incubation, was significantly reduced by increasing carnivory degree of the mesozooplankton assemblage. The mechanism for the reduction of mesozooplankton clearance rate with increasing carnivory degree was primarily due to less efficient of filtering feeding and stronger trophic cascades due to suppression of microzooplankton. The feeding rates of mesozooplankton on microzooplankton were not obtained in this study, but the trophic cascades indirectly induced by mesozooplankton carnivorous feeding can be observed by the negative clearance rate on small-sized phytoplankton. Overall, the main significance of this study is the empirical relationship between carnivory degree and clearance rate, which allow researchers to potentially predict the herbivory of mesozooplankton in the nature without conducting feeding experiments.

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Section: The Effect Of Mesozooplankton Carnivorymentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

2017

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“…Ciliates are a trophic link between nano-and picoplankton, and larger metazoan organisms (Pierce & Turner 1992, Calbet & Saiz 2005, and are important grazers on harmful algal bloom species (Rosetta & McManus 2003, Kamiyama & Matsuyama 2005. Microbial assemblages shift and change with biotic and abiotic processes (Fuhrman et al 2006), and hence identifying the abundance and diversity of key organisms is essential to understanding ecosystem functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-independent assessment of planktonic ciliate diversity in coastal northwest Atlantic waters

Doherty¹,

Costas²,

McManus³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Planktonic ciliates within the subclasses Choreotrichia and Oligotrichia play critical roles in food webs in the world's oceans. To assess the diversity of these ciliates, we designed primers specific to small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) of ciliates within these clades and sampled at 3 coastal sites in the northwest Atlantic in October 2004 and May 2005. We also preserved and analyzed samples using standard ecological methods to compare observations from light microscopy with our molecular results. We found that (1) estimates of diversity based on molecular markers were similar to estimates from morphological observations for choreotrich ciliates, but much greater for oligotrich ciliates; (2) while similar levels of diversity were found at each site, each collection had its own distinct assemblage of rare and abundant ciliate haplotypes; (3) genealogical analyses of our samples combined with published sequences from identified morphospecies revealed that haplotype diversity at these sites is greatest within the genus Strombidium, in the Oligotrichia. The results from this ciliate-specific analysis are consistent with previous molecular studies on microbial diversity in marine systems in that they reveal high diversity and shifting assemblages within microbial communities.KEY WORDS: Ciliate phylogeography · Microzooplankton · Diversity · Oligotrichia · Choreotrichia · Strombidium · Culture independent Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 48: [141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] 2007 diverse assemblages within a genus, such as Strombidium spp. (Modigh 2001, Fileman & Leakey 2005. One exception is the tintinnids, a group of choreotrichs with a rich literature of morphological species descriptions based mainly on size and shape of the lorica (outer sheath). Ocean transect studies of tintinnid diversity reveal distinct assemblages within ocean provinces, with specific diversity patterns characterizing each area (Modigh et al. 2003, Thompson 2004. Further, compiling 451 data points from the literature for tintinnid diversity, Dolan et al. (2006) found a latitudinal distribution of tintinnid richness.Contemporary views on diversity of marine microbes have been altered by large-scale, molecular surveys (Caron et al. 2004, DeLong 2005, Giovannoni & Stingl 2005, Richards & Bass 2005, Xu 2006. Such studies revealed considerable microbial diversity not captured by culture-dependent methods. With these new methods, it is possible to sample from a broader range of microbial habitats (Dawson & Pace 2002, Edgcomb et al. 2002, Zettler et al. 2002, Lopez-Garcia et al. 2003, to sample previously undetected microbes (Diez et al. 2001, Moon-van der Staay et al. 2001, and to determine the spatial and temporal scales of microbial diversity (Romari & Vaulot 2004, Behnke et al. 2006, Cordova-Kreylos et al. 2006, Ley et al. 2006. Although ciliates are often captured in studies of eukaryotic diversity, we know of no published r...

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“…A partir de estos organismos, el zooplancton e incluso vertebrados superiores, obtienen la energía necesaria para sobrevivir, estructurando la trama trófica marina tradicional (Cifuentes et al, 2000;Friedland et al, 2012). En este escenario, los consumidores primarios que hacen parte del zooplancton se convierten en el enlace directo entre los productores primarios y los consumidores de la parte alta de la trama trófica, por lo que se convierten en un eslabón crucial para la transferencia de carbono en el ambiente pelágico (Huskin et En los mares tropicales, los consumidores primarios de la trama trófica pelágica lo conforman esencialmente los copépodos (Cifuentes et al, 2000;Calbet & Saiz, 2005;McKinnnon & Duggan, 2014). Estos organismos consumen diariamente la mitad de su propio peso, es decir cerca de 120000 diatomeas al día (Gifford & Dagg, 1991;Mauchline, 1998;Boling et al, 2012) y se constituyen en el engranaje de la "bomba biológica" en la columna de agua.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Impacto alimentario de los copépodos calanoideos en el Océano Pacífico colombiano

REVISTAS¹,

Giraldo²,

Velasco³

et al. 2018

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Grazing rate of copepods was evaluated in the oceanic province of the Colombian Pacific during September 2006. Gut pigment content was estimated by spectophotometry considering three size fraction: small (300-500 µm), medium (500-1000 µm) and big (> 1000 µm). In order to estimate the ingestion rate, an experimental gut evacuation rate of 0.702 h -1 was used. Feeding impact was calculated like a proportion of phytoplankton standing stock, projecting the total copepod consumption by size in relation to chlorophyll-a concentration in each station. Small copepods were most abundant than medium or big copepods (Kruskal-Wallis H=21.83; p=0.01). Although the ingestion rate of big copepods was higher than medium or small copepods (Kruskal-Wallis H=6.48; p= 0.04), no significant differences in the consumption rate were detected among sizes (Kruskal-Wallis H=3.07; p=0.21). The chlorophyll-a integrate (0-50 m) in the study zone was between 4.4 and 9.5 mg Clo-a m -2 , being estimated the grazing impact of the big copepod in 2.57 ± 0.80 %, medium 3.57 ± 1.89 % and small 12.06 ± 5.99%.Keywords: grazing, ingestion rate, chlorophyll, copepods, Pacific Ocean, Colombia. Impacto alimentario de los copépodos calanoideos en elOcéano Pacífico colombiano ResumenSe determinó el impacto alimentario de los copépodos en nueve estaciones localizadas en la Cuenca Pacífica Colombiana durante septiembre de 2006. El contenido de pigmentos entéricos, fue medido espectrofotométricamente en tres fracciones de tamaño: pequeño (300-500 µm), mediano (500-1000 µm) y grande (> 1000 µm); y se estimó la tasa de consumo considerando una tasa de evacuación de 0.702 h -1 que fue establecida previamente de manera experimental. Considerando la abundancia de cada fracción y la concentración de clorofila-a en cada estación, se cuantificó el impacto alimentario como un porcentaje de la biomasa fitoplanctónica disponible. Los copépodos de menor tamaño fueron significativamente más abundantes en la zona de estudio (Kruskal-Wallis H=21.83; p=0.01). Aunque la tasa de ingestión de los copépodos grandes fue significativamente mayor (Kruskal-Wallis H=6.48; p= 0.04), no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de consumo de las tres fracciones de tamaño evaluadas (Kruskal-Wallis H=3.07; p=0.21). La clorofila-a integrada (0 -50 m) en la zona de estudio estuvo entre 4.4 a 9.5 mg Clo-a m -2 , siendo el impacto alimentario promedio de los copépodos grandes de 2.57 ± 0.80 %, medianos 3.57 ± 1.89 % y pequeños 12.06 ± 5.99%.

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The ciliate-copepod link in marine ecosystems

Cited by 424 publications

References 79 publications

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

Culture-independent assessment of planktonic ciliate diversity in coastal northwest Atlantic waters

Impacto alimentario de los copépodos calanoideos en el Océano Pacífico colombiano

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