“…A row of seven chapels was constructed above the sepulchers, and their apse walls were adorned with painted portraits of Nubian kings and high dignitaries. A huge building was added to the church's western wall, the 'Western Building', otherwise called the 'Residential Building' (e.g., _ Zurawski, 2004_ Zurawski, , 2014. Ongoing fieldwork has also revealed a large settlement complex within the defensive walls, which functioned from the late sixth or early seventh century to the 16th century or later (e.g., Drzewiecki, 2008Drzewiecki, , 2017_ Zurawski et al, 2017).…”
Section: Site and Samplesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Throughout the Christian period, numerous churches and monasteries were built in Makurian Nubia (e.g., Obłuski, 2019), the most distinguished example of those being excavated at Banganarti, a large church consisting of two successive buildings, dated to the seventh and the 11th centuries respectively, and accompanied by buildings and an enclosure wall ( _ Zurawski, 2012( _ Zurawski, , 2014. The site is located between the Third and Fourth Nile Cataracts, on the right bank of the Nile, some 10 km upriver of the Makurian capital at Old Dongola and about 140 km downriver of the Ghazali monastery.…”
Christian Nubia was a region with intensive transcultural connections that are visible through the understudied overseas glass bead imports found there. This paper presents the results of an analysis of 20 glass beads from Banganarti, a Christian pilgrim site active during the Makuria kingdom (mid-sixth to 14th centuries CE). Compositional analyses using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) have identified glass belonging to a number of broad compositional groups. Two beads were made of mineral soda-lime glass, dated before the mid-ninth century CE. Numerous beads were made from plant ash-soda-lime glass associated with "Mesopotamian" production dated between the eighth and 10th centuries CE. Lead-soda-silica glass has parallels in the ninth-10th centuries glass found in Africa and Europe. One plant ash-soda-lime bead was of eastern Mediterranean origin dated after the 10th century CE. Results of this study provide new evidence for provenance and chronology of glass beads available in the mediaeval Northeast Africa as well as contribute new data to the research on the pilgrim and/or trade routes of that time.
“…A row of seven chapels was constructed above the sepulchers, and their apse walls were adorned with painted portraits of Nubian kings and high dignitaries. A huge building was added to the church's western wall, the 'Western Building', otherwise called the 'Residential Building' (e.g., _ Zurawski, 2004_ Zurawski, , 2014. Ongoing fieldwork has also revealed a large settlement complex within the defensive walls, which functioned from the late sixth or early seventh century to the 16th century or later (e.g., Drzewiecki, 2008Drzewiecki, , 2017_ Zurawski et al, 2017).…”
Section: Site and Samplesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Throughout the Christian period, numerous churches and monasteries were built in Makurian Nubia (e.g., Obłuski, 2019), the most distinguished example of those being excavated at Banganarti, a large church consisting of two successive buildings, dated to the seventh and the 11th centuries respectively, and accompanied by buildings and an enclosure wall ( _ Zurawski, 2012( _ Zurawski, , 2014. The site is located between the Third and Fourth Nile Cataracts, on the right bank of the Nile, some 10 km upriver of the Makurian capital at Old Dongola and about 140 km downriver of the Ghazali monastery.…”
Christian Nubia was a region with intensive transcultural connections that are visible through the understudied overseas glass bead imports found there. This paper presents the results of an analysis of 20 glass beads from Banganarti, a Christian pilgrim site active during the Makuria kingdom (mid-sixth to 14th centuries CE). Compositional analyses using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) have identified glass belonging to a number of broad compositional groups. Two beads were made of mineral soda-lime glass, dated before the mid-ninth century CE. Numerous beads were made from plant ash-soda-lime glass associated with "Mesopotamian" production dated between the eighth and 10th centuries CE. Lead-soda-silica glass has parallels in the ninth-10th centuries glass found in Africa and Europe. One plant ash-soda-lime bead was of eastern Mediterranean origin dated after the 10th century CE. Results of this study provide new evidence for provenance and chronology of glass beads available in the mediaeval Northeast Africa as well as contribute new data to the research on the pilgrim and/or trade routes of that time.
“…Ongoing fieldwork has revealed a large settlement complex (Figure 2) within the defensive walls, which functioned from the late sixth or early seventh century to the sixteenth century or later. Its central feature was the Raphaelion, a multiphase sanctuary for pilgrimage and healing that attracted visitors from the Middle Nile and beyond (Żurawski 2008, 2014). Figure 2.Aerial photograph of Banganarti: the fortified settlement with the church phases dedicated to St Raphael the Archangel is in the centre; the fortifications and church are marked in red, the eastern district is in blue (figure: B.T.…”
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