D uring the 8 th -10 th centuries in the Middle East, an era of Arabic translation movement was ushered in in the capital of the Abbasid rule, Baghdad. Many books from the ancient textual heritage that were known and extant at that age were translated into Arabic from Persian, Greek, Syriac and Sanskrit, making accessible to the Arabic-speaking public of the Abbasid Caliphate an immeasurable source of knowledge and intellectual creativity. This movement is conventionally associated with the rule of the Caliph al-Māʾmūn (r. 813-833). Yet, serious scholarship traces the story of translation movement in Muslim history back to the caliphs, al-Manṣūr (r. 754-775) and his son al-Mahdī (r. 775-785). 2 The Graeco-Arabic, but also the Persian-Arabic, translation activities were initiated by al-Manṣūr and al-Mahdī and culminated during al-Māʾmūn's rule, and on the shoulders of these caliphs fell the responsibility of legitimizing and solidifying the Abbasid dynasty's inheritance of Islamic rule from the Umayyads' era. These caliphs were occupied with implementing all the policies imaginable to unify the diverse factions in their empire under one cultural, intellectual ideology of their own creation. This was their strategy to spread all over their caliphate's territories a sustainable state of political stability. 3 This broader context makes the translation movement not just an astounding phenomenon, but 4 Ibid., p. 2. This is why some scholars have classically considered it an example of a renaissance-like movement in the history of Islam. See on this, for example, Joel L. Kraemer, Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The