The Chrysochromulina polylepis Bloom in Scandinavian Waters During Spring 1988

Dahl, Einar; Lindahl, Odd; Paasche, E.; Throndsen, Jahn

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75280-3_23

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several studies have reported that blooms of toxic phytoplankton species may initiate and develop in natural waters as a result of reduction or absence of grazers due to toxic interactions. For instance, the large bloom of Chrysochromulina polylepis in 1988 in Scandinavian waters has been suggested to develop partly due to reduced grazing (Dahl et al 1989, Maestrini & Granéli 1991. Field observations have shown that Prymnesium parvum are capable of forming more or less monospecific blooms, which may persist in the water for several weeks (Lindholm et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum on the survival and feeding of a ciliate: the influence of different nutrient conditions

Granéli¹,

Johansson²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We studied the growth and feeding response of the ciliate Euplotes affinis when exposed to algal cultures of Prymnesium parvum and Rhodomonas cf. baltica as monocultures or as mixtures. Cultures of P. parvum grown under nutrient-limited (N or P) or nutrient-sufficient conditions were tested for toxicity against E. affinis. Ciliates grew well when fed R. cf. baltica, but avoided grazing on monocultures of P. parvum, regardless of algal concentration. Increasing abundances of P. parvum decreased survival of the ciliate, even if supplied as a mixture together with high concentrations of R. cf. baltica as an alternative prey. This implies that P. parvum produces substances that were fatal to the ciliate when released to the medium. The lethal effect of P. parvum was dependent on the physiological status of the cells, with the highest toxicity in nutrient-stressed cultures. Our results suggest that toxin production in P. parvum may be a chemical defense to repel predators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum on the survival and feeding of a ciliate: the influence of different nutrient conditions

Granéli¹,

Johansson²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…have been monitored three times per week in the 0-3 m stratum in Flødevigen Bay, Station 1 (figure 1) by the Institute of Marine Research (Dahl & Johannessen 1998; for the details of sampling and phytoplankton quantification, see Dahl et al 2005). The phytoplankton assemblage sampled in Flødevigen Bay is considered to reflect the abundance in the NCC along the coast (Dahl et al 1989;Dahl & Tangen 1993). The raw timeseries of Chrysochromulina spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental forcing as a main determinant of bloom dynamics of theChrysochromulinaalgae

et al. 2006

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In this paper, we demonstrate that the seasonal dynamics in the abiotic factors, without including seasonal changes in the biological relationships, can appropriately account for the seasonal dynamics of Chrysochromulina spp. This is through the analysis of data on the population dynamics of Chrysochromulina spp. off southern Norway that is evaluated in relation to environmental factors and season by the analyses of 12 year monthly time-series. Chrysochromulina spp. abundance, nutrient concentrations, hydrographical properties, as well as current and wind data were analysed on a monthly scale by means of autoregressive moving average models, principal component analyses (PCA), and linear and nonlinear regression models. Seasonal development of the Chrysochromulina assemblage was well predicted from regression models forced with two PCA components representing seasonal variation in nutrient and chlorophyll a levels and ratios, inflow of North Seawater to the Skagerrak and northeasterly wind along the Norwegian coast. Assuming these to be general results, we might hypothesis that marine algal communities are governed by seasonally varying abiotic factors to a large extent.

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“…Details of the isolation by serial dilution and capillary micropipette are described in Krock et al (2008). Subcultures of the original isolate were grown non-axenically at 15-20 C in half-strength K medium (Keller et al, 1987), supplemented with selenite (Dahl et al, 1989), but without addition of ammonium ion. The growth medium was prepared from sterile-filtered (VacuCap 0.2 mm Pall Life Sciences) natural North Sea water (salinity: 32 psu, pH adjusted to 8.0).…”

Section: Isolation and Culture Of The Aza-producing Dinoflagellatementioning

confidence: 99%

Azadinium spinosumgen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) identified as a primary producer of azaspiracid toxins

Tillmann

Elbrächter

Krock

et al. 2009

European Journal of Phycology

248

218

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Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a group of lipophilic marine biotoxins associated with human incidents of shellfish poisoning. During a research cruise to the North Sea, we analysed size-fractionated plankton for AZA by mass spectrometry and successfully isolated an AZA-producing dinoflagellate from the east coast of Scotland. As shown previously, an axenic culture of this dinoflagellate produces AZA 1, AZA 2 and an isomer of AZA 2. Here we give a taxonomic description of this new taxon Azadinium spinosum gen. et sp. nov., as a de novo producer of AZAs. Azadinium spinosum is a small (12-16 mm length and 7-11 mm width) peridinin-containing photosynthetic dinoflagellate with a superficial resemblance under light microscopy to gymnodinioids, but with a thin theca. The large nucleus is spherical and located posteriorly, whereas the single chloroplast is parietal, lobed, and typically extends into both the epi-and hyposome. The Kofoidian thecal tabulation is APC, 4 0 , 3a, 6 00 , 6C, 5?S, 6 000 , 2 0000 . This plate pattern has an epithecal affinity to the Peridiniales and a hypothecal affinity to the Gonyaulacales, but is distinctly different from described dinoflagellate genera. The assignment of A. spinosum to the dinoflagellates is supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis of four genes, SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA (D1/D2 region), ITS and cytochrome oxidase (subunit 1) (COI). In agreement with the morphological description, phylogenetic analysis did not show any particularly close affiliation to the Peridiniales or Gonyaulacales, nor to any other dinoflagellate order represented in molecular databases. Consequently, we erected a new genus, Azadinium, for this taxon. However the ordinal affiliation of the genus is uncertain. This study represents the first description and confirmation of a new dinoflagellate species capable of producing AZA and is thus an important advance in surveillance programmes for toxigenic microalgae and toxins of human health significance.

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The Chrysochromulina polylepis Bloom in Scandinavian Waters During Spring 1988

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum on the survival and feeding of a ciliate: the influence of different nutrient conditions

Effects of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum on the survival and feeding of a ciliate: the influence of different nutrient conditions

Environmental forcing as a main determinant of bloom dynamics of theChrysochromulinaalgae

Azadinium spinosumgen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) identified as a primary producer of azaspiracid toxins

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