The chronometry of symmetry detection in the lateral occipital (LO) cortex

Cattaneo, Zaira; Bona, Silvia; Ciricugno, Andrea; Silvanto, Juha

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108160

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Experiments with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) have shown that LOC disruption selectively impairs symmetry discrimination [5,[117][118][119]. This effect is maximal between 130 and 250 ms post-stimulus onset [120]. The right hemisphere specialization suggested by some TMS studies is consistent with psychophysical work, which also finds that the right hemisphere is more symmetry sensitive than the left [121,122].…”

Section: Tmsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Symmetry Perception and Psychedelic Experience

et al. 2023

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This review of symmetry perception has six parts. Psychophysical studies have investigated symmetry perception for over 100 years (part 1). Neuroscientific studies on symmetry perception have accumulated in the last 20 years. Functional MRI and EEG experiments have conclusively shown that regular visual arrangements, such as reflectional symmetry, Glass patterns, and the 17 wallpaper groups all activate the extrastriate visual cortex. This activation generates an event-related potential (ERP) called sustained posterior negativity (SPN). SPN amplitude scales with the degree of regularity in the display, and the SPN is generated whether participants attend to symmetry or not (part 2). It is likely that some forms of symmetry are detected automatically, unconsciously, and pre-attentively (part 3). It might be that the brain is hardwired to detect reflectional symmetry (part 4), and this could contribute to its aesthetic appeal (part 5). Visual symmetry and fractal geometry are prominent in hallucinations induced by the psychedelic drug N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and visual flicker (part 6). Integrating what we know about symmetry processing with features of induced hallucinations is a new frontier in neuroscience. We propose that the extrastriate cortex can generate aesthetically fascinating symmetrical representations spontaneously, in the absence of external symmetrical stimuli.

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Section: Tmsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Symmetry Perception and Psychedelic Experience

et al. 2023

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“…Twenty-five subjects (7 males, mean age = 23.9 years, SD = 2.9), with normal or correctedto-normal vision, participated in the experiment. An a priori power analysis conducted using G-Power 3.1 software indicated that our experimental design required a sample size of at least 18 subjects to achieve 80% of power at a significance threshold alpha of 0.05, with an expected large effect size of f(U) = 0.33 (η p 2 =0.10) based on our previous data (Cattaneo et al, 2022). Prior to the experiment, participants were screened to assess their compatibility with TMS (translated from Rossi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To fill this gap in current knowledge of cerebellar functions, here we systematically investigate the time course of the causal involvement of the cerebellum in emotional processing using a chronometric TMS approach. Indeed, thanks to its excellent temporal resolution (on the order of a few milliseconds), TMS can be used to study the chronometry of mental processes in the brain (see Cattaneo et al, 2022; de Graaf et al, 2014; Pitcher, 2014; Pitcher et al, 2007). Critically, we compared the timing of cerebellar activation with the timing of activation in other nodes of the social brain, specifically the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and we assessed for the first time whether activation of the latter region in social processing is causally dependent on cerebellar activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing the cerebellum and its connectivity within the social brain

Ciricugno,

Ferrari,

Battelli

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The posterior cerebellum is a recently discovered hub of the affective and social brain, with different subsectors contributing to different social functions. However, very little is known aboutwhenthe posterior cerebellum plays a critical role in social processing. Due to its location and anatomy, it has been difficult to use traditional approaches to directly study the chronometry of the cerebellum. To address this gap in cerebellar knowledge, here we investigated for the first time thecausalcontribution of the posterior cerebellum to social processing using a chronometric transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approach. We show that the posterior cerebellum is recruited at an early stage of the emotional processing (starting from 100 ms after stimulus onset), simultaneously with the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a key node of the emotional-social brain. Moreover, using a condition-and-perturb TMS approach, we found that the recruitment of the pSTS in emotional processing is dependent on cerebellar activation. Our results are the first to shed light on chronometric aspects of cerebellar function and its causal connectivity with other nodes of the social brain.

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Cerebellar Neurostimulation for Boosting Social and Affective Functions: Implications for the Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxia Patients

Ciricugno,

Oldrati,

Cattaneo

et al. 2024

Cerebellum

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Beyond motor deficits, spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients also suffer cognitive decline and show socio-affective difficulties, negatively impacting on their social functioning. The possibility to modulate cerebello-cerebral networks involved in social cognition through cerebellar neurostimulation has opened up potential therapeutic applications for ameliorating social and affective difficulties. The present review offers an overview of the research on cerebellar neurostimulation for the modulation of socio-affective functions in both healthy individuals and different clinical populations, published in the time period 2000–2022. A total of 25 records reporting either transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies were found. The investigated clinical populations comprised different pathological conditions, including but not limited to SCA syndromes. The reviewed evidence supports that cerebellar neurostimulation is effective in improving social abilities in healthy individuals and reducing social and affective symptoms in different neurological and psychiatric populations associated with cerebellar damage or with impairments in functions that involve the cerebellum. These findings encourage to further explore the rehabilitative effects of cerebellar neurostimulation on socio-affective deficits experienced by patients with cerebellar abnormalities, as SCA patients. Nevertheless, conclusions remain tentative at this stage due to the heterogeneity characterizing stimulation protocols, study methodologies and patients’ samples.

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The chronometry of symmetry detection in the lateral occipital (LO) cortex

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Symmetry Perception and Psychedelic Experience

Symmetry Perception and Psychedelic Experience

Timing the cerebellum and its connectivity within the social brain

Cerebellar Neurostimulation for Boosting Social and Affective Functions: Implications for the Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxia Patients

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