The Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire: validation and reliability in postal research

Smith, Blair H.; Penny, Kay I; Purves, Alison M; Munro, Calum; Wilson, Brenda J.; Grimshaw, Jeremy; Chambers, W. A.; Smith, W. C.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)03347-2

Cited by 377 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The questionnaire has demonstrated good internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha was 0.91, and the item-total correlations were all high [24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The questionnaire provides five mutually exclusive ordered grades of pain derived from the severity of pain intensity and disability reported by a subject in the previous 6 months (Table 1).…”

Section: Study Design and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The association between prevalent neck pain and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2008

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The aim of this study was to examine the association between grades of neck pain severity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using a populationbased, cross-sectional mailed survey. The literature suggests that physical and mental HRQoL is worse for individuals with neck pain compared to those without neck pain. However, the strength of the association varies across studies. Discrepancies in study results may be attributed to the use of different definitions and measures of neck pain and differences in the selection of covariates used as control variables in the analyses. The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey was mailed to 2,184 randomly selected Saskatchewan adults of whom 1,131 returned the questionnaire. Neck pain was measured with the Chronic Pain Questionnaire and categorized into four increasing grades of severity. We measured HRQoL with the SF-36 Health Survey and computed the physical and mental component summary scores. We built separate multiple linear regression models to examine the association between grades of neck pain and physical and mental summary scores while controlling for sociodemographic, general health and comorbidity covariates. Our crude analysis suggests that a gradient exists between the severity of neck pain and HRQoL. Compared to individuals without neck pain, those with Grades III-IV neck pain have significantly lower physical (mean difference = -13.9/100; 95% CI = -16.4, -11.3) and mental (mean difference = -10.8/100; 95% CI = -13.6, -8.1) HRQoL. Controlling for covariates greatly reduced the strength of association between neck pain and physical HRQoL and accounted for the observed association between neck pain and mental HRQoL. In the comorbidity model, the strength of association between Grades III-IV neck pain and PCS decreased by more than 50% (mean difference = -4.5/ 100; 95% CI = -6.9, -2.0). In the final PCS model, Grades III-IV neck pain coefficients changed only slightly from the comorbidity model (mean difference = -4.4/ 100; 95% CI = -6.9, -1.9). This suggests that comorbid conditions account for most of the association between neck pain and PCS score. It was concluded that prevalent neck pain is weakly associated with physical HRQoL, and that it is not associated with mental HRQoL. Our crosssectional analysis suggests that most of the observed association between prevalent neck pain and HRQoL is attributable to comorbidities.

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Section: Study Design and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The association between prevalent neck pain and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2008

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“…We sent a postal questionnaire to potential participants 6 -20 months after their first attendance at the clinic to obtain data on pain presence, severity, and location; beliefs about pain; health utility; psychological distress; and care-seeking behavior. We defined pain severity using the chronic pain grade (0 ϭ no pain, IV ϭ high disability/severely limiting) (19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“It struck me that they didn't understand pain”: The specialist pain clinic experience of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

Harding

Parsons

Rahman

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To explore the experiences of diagnosis and management among patients who attended a specialist musculoskeletal pain clinic and the factors influencing their interpretation of these experiences. Methods. A postal questionnaire was sent to potential participants 6 -20 months after their first clinic attendance. Data were collected on pain presence, severity, and location; health-related quality of life; psychological distress; and care-seeking behavior. Questionnaire data were used to inform combined purposive and theoretical sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted that probed participants' understanding of their chronic musculoskeletal pain and its management in a specialist musculoskeletal pain clinic. Results. Fifteen patients were interviewed. Four main themes were identified: spoiled identity (pain limited patients' activities so extensively that it affected their sense of self); diminishing faith in medicine (patients were disappointed with aspects of their care-seeking experience); making sense of pain (patients made sense of their pain by locating their pain within the context of their lives); and learning to live with the pain (an issue for all patients was whether or not their pain would stop or whether they had to learn to live with it). Conclusion. Developing, implementing, and evaluating approaches to address patients' spoiled identities might allow us to improve patient-centered outcomes in chronic musculoskeletal pain.

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“…20 Validity was assessed by comparing responses from the patient with the responses from the doctor, which were taken as`t he truth'. As already stressed, this means using the terms truth and validity in a somewhat approximate, but clinically relevant, sense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and validity of a questionnaire filled in by spinal cord lesioned individuals before regular follow-up

et al. 2001

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Objective: To speed up and focus (biennial) check-ups of out-patients with spinal cord lesions by means of a brief mail questionnaire concerning speci®c impairments as well as general life conditions. Method: A trial 69-item questionnaire was ®lled in twice, at home and on arrival for checkup, and, for a third time, by the physician during the consultation. Out of 115 check-ups, 107 and 105 could be included in a reproducibility and validity assessment respectively. Results: Excellent agreement between the ®rst two completions (`reproducibility') and between the markings made at home and those made by the physician (`validity') was obtained for the majority of the items. Those items not performing satisfactorily, not least those relating to defecation, were scrutinised. Conclusion: After revision, the questionnaire can serve the above mentioned purposes in a cost-e ective and clinically satisfying manner. Further bene®ts are envisaged by computerised longitudinal monitoring of the patients' answers. Finally, we have pointed towards weak items/questions in our questionnaire, and we hope this can be of help to others who want to use similar questionnaires in their daily practice.

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The Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire: validation and reliability in postal research

Cited by 377 publications

References 8 publications

The association between prevalent neck pain and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis

The association between prevalent neck pain and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis

“It struck me that they didn't understand pain”: The specialist pain clinic experience of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

Reproducibility and validity of a questionnaire filled in by spinal cord lesioned individuals before regular follow-up

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