The chronic kidney disease perception scale (CKDPS): development and construct validation

Abstract

Background Chronic kidney disease has become a major health problem around the world. It displays no symptoms until the later stages. Therefore, its early detection is crucial, and a suitable intervention is necessary to halt its development. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a recently formulated Chronic Kidney Disease Perception Scale (CKDPS) for diabetic patients based on Social Psychology, and their perceptions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods The newly developed CKDPS instrument was tested on 300 patients with diabetes mellitus in a cross-sectional study. The number of domains, model-fit index, construct validity, and internal consistency of this instrument were determined using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The EFA yielded nine domains: illness identity, timeline motivation, medical practice and co-operation for Social Psychology, and perceived benefit, perceived barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived cue to action for HBM. Four items with low factor loading were removed. CFA yielded the following fit indices for Social Psychology: the goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.889, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.934, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.053, normed chi-square (NC) = 1.831; and the following for HBM: GFI = 0.834, CFI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.053, NC = 1.830. Values of Cronbach’s α ranged between 0.760 and 0.909. Conclusions The CKDPS includes 61 questions across nine domains, divided under two categories of Social Psychology and HBM. It is also a valid and reliable tool for measuring diabetic patients’ perception of CKD prevention that can be used in larger studies.

Risk perception of non-communicable diseases: A systematic review on its assessment and associated factors

“…A total of six questionnaires were developed to measure risk perception of a group of NCDs, including CVDs, DM, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, hypertension and cancer [ 31 , 34 – 37 , 40 ]. In other eight studies, the questionnaires were designed to measure risk perception of single NCD, including breast cancer [ 30 , 32 ], cervical cancer [ 38 ], coronary heart disease [ 41 ], skin cancer [ 39 ], CVDs [ 29 ], CKD [ 33 ] and prostate cancer [ 28 ].…”

Poor perception of chronic kidney diseases and its influencing factors among diabetics patients

“…The CKDPS was evaluated in diabetic patients, and experts assessed the reliability and validity of the content to examine the scale together with developed guidance from collaboration with health care professionals. The items were tested for the final items in the pool on the clarity and relevance domains 10 . The CKDPS can be used to assess other high-risk groups to develop CKDs, such as obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, to assess their level of perception, and to take preventive measures.…”

“…The Chronic Kidney Disease Perception Scale (CKDPS) was designed to fill the gap in the perception of CKD among patients with diabetes mellitus in high-risk groups. The CKDPS questionnaire included: Part A: Socio-demographic and socio-economic; Part B: general knowledge of CKD; Part C: socio-psychology; and Part D: CKD Perception 10 . All questionnaire topics were reviewed in advance for their appropriateness regarding the research goals, data collection style, and sample population cultural diversity (Anuar et al 2020).…”

Community Perspectives of Ebola Viral Disease in High-Risk Transmission Border Regions of Tanzania: A Qualitative Inquiry

“…In fact, human activity has the power to both slow down and accelerate EVD outbreaks. Risk perceptions in uence people's conduct, according to the Health Belief Model (HBM), the most popular model for analysing how individuals behave when adopting illness prevention methods (12)(13)(14). The hypothesis put out by the HBM states that a person is likely to alter their conduct if they believe they are susceptible to EVD and that the illness may have negative effects (perceived severity).…”

“…To prevent and control the condition and to increase community knowledge of its health risks, it is crucial to comprehend the current attitudes and ideas about it (13). Beliefs and opinions on the disease's causes, symptoms, susceptibility, prevention and possible hazards in uences people's perceptions of it (14).…”