The chromosome-scale genome sequence of Triadica sebifera provides insight into fatty acids and anthocyanin biosynthesis

Abstract

The Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) can produce oil with high content of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds and shows attractive leaf color in autumn and winter. Here, the 739 Mb chromosome-scale genome sequence of the Chinese tallow tree was assembled and it reveals the Chinese tallow tree is a tetraploid. Numerous genes related to nutrition assimilation, energy utilization, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and resistance significantly expanded or are specific to the Chinese tallow tree. These genes would enable the Chinese tallow tree to obtain high adaptability. More genes in fatty acids biosynthesis in its genome, especially for unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, and higher expression of these genes in seeds would be attributed to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was identified as the major component of anthocyanin in red leaves. All structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis show significantly higher expression in red leaves than in green leaves. Transcription factors, seven MYB and one bHLH, were predicted to regulate these anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Collectively, we provided insight into the polyploidization, high adaptability and biosynthesis of the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds and anthocyanin in leaves for the Chinese tallow tree.

Comprehensive genomic analyses of Vigna unguiculata provide insights into population differentiation and the genetic basis of key agricultural traits

“…The first peak occurred at approximately 0.38, while the other peak occurred at approximately 0.24 (Figure 2f ). In previous studies, several plants in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) and V. vinifera also showed peaks of 4DTv at approximately 0.38, and this peak was regarded as a WGD event in the common ancestor of these plants (Luo et al ., 2022 ). These data also indicated that peaks of 4DTv at approximately 0.38 is not specific to the family of legumes.…”

Application of third-generation sequencing to herbal genomics

“…Genomic variations, including SNPs, indels, and SVs, are also naturally connected in the same long read, making it much easier to phase alleles or haplotypes ( Stander et al., 2021 ). Several polypoid medicinal plants [such as Triadica sebifera (4n=88) ( Luo et al., 2022 ), Rehmannia glutinosa (4n=56) ( Ma et al., 2021 ), Aquilegia oxysepala var. kansuensis (4n=28) ( Xie et al., 2020 )], species with high genome heterozygosity [such as Aloe vera (11.3%) ( Jaiswal et al., 2021 ), Curcuma longa (4.83%) ( Chakraborty et al., 2021 ), Gar.…”

Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera

“…These observations indicate that peonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside may play pivotal roles in the accumulation of the purple pigment in T. sebifera leaves. Similarly, cyanidin 3-Oglucoside has been confirmed to be the primary colouring substance in red-leaved T. sebifera(Luo et al 2022). These findings thus indicate that the colour of T. sebifera leaves is influenced by the specific types and amounts of anthocyanins present, including peonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-xyloside, and cyanidin 3-Oglucoside.…”

“…Among these ornamental species is the Chinese tallow tree ( Triadica sebifera ), a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, which has been cultivated in China for more than 1500 years (Luo et al 2022). It is a multi‐purpose species with diverse uses, including the production of oil, and also has medicinal properties and high ornamental value (Gao et al 2016).…”