The Chromaffin System

Coupland, R. E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65249-3_2

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The cells contain abundant chromaffin granules, i.e. large dense core vesicles (core diameter >100 nm), which represent the ultrastructural hallmark of chromaffin cells (Coupland, 1972;Coupland and Tomlinson, 1989). The cells are tightly packed, associated with satellite Schwann cells, and contacted by axon terminals (not shown).…”

Section: 'Adrenal' Chromaffin Cells In Sf1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of an adrenal cortex inSf1mutant mice is compatible with the generation and differentiation of chromaffin cells

et al. 2005

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The diversification of neural-crest-derived sympathoadrenal (SA) progenitor cells into sympathetic neurons and neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells was thought to be largely understood. In-vitro studies with isolated SA progenitor cells had suggested that chromaffin cell differentiation depends crucially on glucocorticoids provided by adrenal cortical cells. However, analysis of mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor gene had revealed that adrenal chromaffin cells develop mostly normally in these mice. Alternative cues from the adrenal cortex that may promote chromaffin cell determination and differentiation have not been identified. We therefore investigated whether the chromaffin cell phenotype can develop in the absence of an adrenal cortex, using mice deficient for the nuclear orphan receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1), which lack adrenal cortical cells and gonads. We show that in Sf1–/– mice typical chromaffin cells assemble correctly in the suprarenal region adjacent to the suprarenal sympathetic ganglion. The cells display most features of chromaffin cells, including the typical large chromaffin granules. Sf1–/–chromaffin cells are numerically reduced by about 50% compared with the wild type at embryonic day (E) 13.5 and E17.5. This phenotype is not accounted for by reduced survival or cell proliferation beyond E12.5. However, already at E12.5 the `adrenal' region in Sf1–/– mice is occupied by fewer PHOX2B+ and TH+ SA cells as well as SOX10+ neural crest cells. Our results suggest that cortical cues are not essential for determining chromaffin cell fate, but may be required for proper migration of SA progenitors to and/or colonization of the adrenal anlage.

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Section: 'Adrenal' Chromaffin Cells In Sf1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of an adrenal cortex inSf1mutant mice is compatible with the generation and differentiation of chromaffin cells

et al. 2005

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“…The arrangement of the catecholamine-containing chromaffin cells differs across the entire vertebrate lineage. In mammals, chromaffin cells are found within the adrenal gland, specifically the adrenal medulla, surrounded by the adrenal cortex that contains the steroidogenic interrenal cells [60,62,201]. In birds, chromaffin cells are also located within the adrenal gland but, in avian species, there is no division into medulla or cortex and the chromaffin and interrenal cells are intermingled [58,114].…”

Section: Arrangement Of Chromaffin Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chromaffin cells in reptiles form a similar arrangement to those in birds [298,299]. In urodele amphibians, chromaffin cells are located within segmented bodies associated with sympathetic nerves on the ventral side of the kidney whilst, in anurans, chromaffin cells form a distinct mass on the surface of the kidney [8][9][10][11][12][13]58,60,108,109].…”

Section: Arrangement Of Chromaffin Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adrenergic stress response in fish: control of catecholamine storage and release

Reid

Bernier

Perry

1998

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, T

241

191

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In fish, the catecholamine hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are released into the circulation, from chromaffin cells, during numerous 'stressful' situations. The physiological and biochemical actions of these hormones (the efferent adrenergic response) have been the focus of numerous investigations over the past several decades. However, until recently, few studies have examined aspects involved in controlling/modulating catecholamine storage and release in fish. This review provides a detailed account of the afferent limb of the adrenergic response in fish, from the biosynthesis of catecholamines to the exocytotic release of these hormones from the chromaffin cells. The emphasis is on three particular topics: (1) catecholamine biosynthesis and storage within the chromaffin cells including the different types of chromaffin cells and their varying arrangement amongst species; (2) situations eliciting the secretion of catecholamines (e.g. hypoxia, hypercapnia, chasing); (3) cholinergic and non-cholinergic (i.e. serotonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, angiotensin, adenosine) control of catecholamine secretion. As such, this review will demonstrate that the control of catecholamine storage and release in fish chromaffin cells is a complex processes involving regulation via numerous hormones, neurotransmitters and second messenger systems.

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“…Earlier electron microscopic explorations have revealed the presence of specific E and NE storing cells in the adrenal medulla offowls (Coupland 1971(Coupland , 1972Unsicker 1973;Chungsamamyart and Fujioka 1982), ducks and geese (Guzsal and Hassan 1975) and rose-ringed parakeets, pigeons and bulbuls (Carmichael et al 1983(Carmichael et al , 1987 with no evidence of the presence of mixtures of two types of granules within a single chromaffin cell. Ultrastructural investigations of the embryonic chick adrenal medulla, also reveal two cell types representing E and NE containing cells (Hall and Hughes 1970).…”

Section: Cell Specificity Of E and Ne Granulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subcellular morphology of avian adrenal medulla

Ghosh

Guha

1988

Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.)

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The electron microscopic study of the avian adrenal medulla have shown that in most birds, the epinephrine and norepinephrine cells can be differentiated based on the morphology, size, opacity and the fine structures of their granules. However, the functional characterization of some medullary cells, other than epinephrine and norepinephrine remains unresolved to this date. Among the avian adrenals studied, it is only in the domestic fowl that the separate cellular origin of epinephrine and norepinephrine cells have been established.Earlier studies on the manner of release of secretory granules from the adrenal catecholamine storing cells in birds have led one to infer that exocytosis is only mode of discharge of granules. Surprisingly this is not apparent in some of the reports obtained in recent years. Hence the release mechanism of the adrenomedullary hormones need to be further explored ultrastructurally.

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The Chromaffin System

Cited by 30 publications

References 81 publications

Lack of an adrenal cortex inSf1mutant mice is compatible with the generation and differentiation of chromaffin cells

Lack of an adrenal cortex inSf1mutant mice is compatible with the generation and differentiation of chromaffin cells

The adrenergic stress response in fish: control of catecholamine storage and release

The subcellular morphology of avian adrenal medulla

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