The Choroid Plexus‐Cerebrospinal Fluid System: From Development to Aging

Redžić, Zoran B.; Preston, Jane E.; Duncan, John A.; Chodobski, Adam; Szmydynger‐Chodobska, Joanna

doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(05)71001-2

Cited by 287 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…CSF is generated from choroid plexi situated at different sites in the brain ventricles (23). Notably, the hindbrain choroid plexus is in close apposition with the cerebellar VZ throughout development (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSF, primarily generated from choroid plexi, is a source of chemicals and polypeptides with neuroprotective, surveillance, and repair functions (23). Recent studies also suggest that embryonic CSF harbors signaling molecules, such as Slit2, Fgf2, and ciliary neurotrophic factors, that may influence neuronal migration and development (23,24).…”

Section: Cerebellar Radial Glial Cell Proliferation Is Defective In Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transventricular delivery of Sonic hedgehog is essential to cerebellar ventricular zone development

Huang¹,

Liu²,

Ketova³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

149

151

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Cerebellar neurons are generated from two germinal neuroepithelia: the ventricular zone (VZ) and rhombic lip. Signaling mechanisms that maintain the proliferative capacity of VZ resident progenitors remain elusive. We reveal that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is active in the cerebellar VZ and essential to radial glial cell proliferation and expansion of GABAergic interneurons. We demonstrate that the cerebellum is not the source of Shh that signals to the early VZ, and suggest a transventricular path for Shh ligand delivery. In agreement, we detected the presence of Shh protein in the circulating embryonic cerebrospinal fluid. This study identifies Shh as an essential proliferative signal for the cerebellar ventricular germinal zone, underscoring the potential contribution of VZ progenitors in the pathogenesis of cerebellar diseases associated with deregulated Shh signaling, and reveals a transventricular source of Shh in regulating neural development.cerebellum | cerebrospinal fluid | choroid plexus | radial glia | Shh

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cerebellar Radial Glial Cell Proliferation Is Defective In Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transventricular delivery of Sonic hedgehog is essential to cerebellar ventricular zone development

Huang¹,

Liu²,

Ketova³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

149

151

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“…The NVU is formed by: 1) The CSF-blood barrier, site of immunological communication between the CSF and intravascular space, which favours antigenic recognition and lymphocyte activation at this level Bigio, 1995; Nathanson & Chun, 1990a;Redzic et al, 2005; 2) The meningeal barrier, that is, the aracnoid membrane, bordering the duramater, where the CSF drains to the dural venous sinuses, the olfactory nerve and the carotid sheathsNag S. 2003; 3) the BBB, constituted by the brain vascular endothelium, regulates the entrance of molecules and supply of nutrients to the brain, as well as preserving the ionic homeostasis in the brain environment Petty & Lo, 2002; 4) the blood-nerve barrier, which surrounds the axon tangles and includes the endothelial membrane of the endoneural capillary and the perinerium Hemmer, 2004; 5) the blood-retinal barrier, formed by the retinal endothelial capillary and the retinal tissue, like BBB; 6) the blood-labyrinth barrier, which has as anatomical reference the endolymph-blood and endolymph-perilymph barriers.These capillaries are lined with endothelial cells that are joined by tight junctions and physiologically form the blood-labyrinth barrier that is essential for sensitive auditory function; and 7) the blood-spinal cord barrier -with a greater permeability than the BBBwhich communicates with the periphery through the nerve roots plexus Haukins  Davis , 2005.…”

Section: Brain Neurovascular Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial and Axonal Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis

Robinson-Agramonte¹,

González‐Quevedo²,

Gonçalves³

2012

Recent Advances in Immunology to Target Cancer, Inflammation and Infections

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“…A steady supply of choroidally derived peptides (Chodobski and Szmydynger-Chodobska 2001), nucleosides (Redzic et al 2005), and vitamins Johanson 2006, 2007b) furnished to CSF is critical for feeding the periventricular regions (the domain harboring neurogenic stem cells) that drive normal brain development. Containing sparse capillary networks, the early fetal cortex evidently needs nutritional supplies delivered via CP-CSF as FIGURE 1.-Central role of the choroid plexus (CP)-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nexus in exchanging materials with brain.…”

Section: Compartmental Aspects Of the Physiologic Nexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distributional Nexus of Choroid Plexus to Cerebrospinal Fluid, Ependyma and Brain

et al. 2010

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Bordering the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are epithelial cells of choroid plexus (CP), ependyma and circumventricular organs (CVOs) that contain homeostatic transporters for mediating secretion/reabsorption. The distributional pathway (''nexus'') of CP-CSF-ependyma-brain furnishes peptides, hormones, and micronutrients to periventricular regions. In disease/toxicity, this nexus becomes a conduit for infectious and xenobiotic agents. The sleeping sickness trypanosome (a protozoan) disrupts CP and downstream CSF-brain. Piperamide is anti-trypanosomic but distorts CP epithelial ultrastructure by engendering hydropic vacuoles; this reflects phospholipidosis and altered lysosomal metabolism. CP swelling by vacuolation may occlude CSF flow. Toxic drug tools delineate injuries to choroidal compartments: cyclophosphamide (vasculature), methylcellulose (interstitium), and piperazine (epithelium). Structurally perturbed CP allows solutes to penetrate the ventricles. There, CSF-borne pathogens and xenobiotics may permeate the ependyma to harm neurogenic stem cell niches. Amoscanate, an anti-helmintic, potently injures rodent ependyma. Ependymal/brain regions near CP are vulnerable to CSF-borne toxicants; this proximity factor links regional barrier breakdown to nearby periventricular pathology. Diverse diseases (e.g., African sleeping sickness, multiple sclerosis) take early root in choroidal, circumventricular, or perivascular loci. Toxicokinetics informs on pathogen, anti-parasitic agent, and auto-antibody distribution along the CSF nexus. CVOs are susceptible to plasma-borne toxicants/pathogens. Countering the physico-chemical and pathogenic insults to the homeostasis-mediating ventricle-bordering cells sustains brain health and fluid balance.

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The Choroid Plexus‐Cerebrospinal Fluid System: From Development to Aging

Cited by 287 publications

References 260 publications

Transventricular delivery of Sonic hedgehog is essential to cerebellar ventricular zone development

Transventricular delivery of Sonic hedgehog is essential to cerebellar ventricular zone development

Glial and Axonal Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis

The Distributional Nexus of Choroid Plexus to Cerebrospinal Fluid, Ependyma and Brain

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