The Chondrocranium of Cryptoprocta ferox

Köhncke, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70404-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Bondy (1907), Gray (1953), and Schliemann (1966). In addition, C. ferox (Köhncke, 1985) and the pinniped L. weddellii (Fawcett, 1918) also possess a hypotensoric chorda tympani. The pinnipeds are so far only represented by a few taxa of phocids, but the plesiomorphic position of their chorda tympani does not contradict or confirm the monophyly of this taxon and its sistergroup relationship with ursids based on fossils as recently demonstrated by Rybczynski et al (2009) and confirmed by morphological and molecular data (Wyss and Flynn, 1993;Yoder et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sturm (1983) also observed an epitensoric chorda tympani in a fetal Galerella sanguinea, where the nerve ran through a shallow sulcus just above the muscular process of the malleus. Over the decades, a number of additional studies on the craniogenesis of various carnivore taxa were published that contained some information about the middle ear: Leptonychotes weddellii (Fawcett, 1918), Mirounga leonina (Kummer and Neiss, 1957), C. lupus familiaris (Schliemann, 1966), Proteles cristatus, Genetta genetta (Frangioni, 1970), Cryptoprocta ferox (Köhncke, 1985), and F. catus (Terry, 1917;Timm, 1987a,b). However, no systematic conclusions were drawn by all these authors; other studies of middle ear morphology did not consider the course of the chorda tympani (Hyrtl, 1845;Van Kampen, 1905;Fleischer, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topography of the chorda tympani nerve and the tensor tympani muscle in carnivores provides a new synapomorphy for Herpestidae (Carnivora, Mammalia)

Ruf

Maier

2009

Journal of Morphology

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The topographical relationship of the chorda tympani nerve (chorda tympani) to the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear of carnivores provides new phylogenetic information. The examination of histological serial sections of 16 carnivore species representing most families revealed two distinct character states concerning the course of the chorda tympani: a hypotensoric state with the nerve running below the insertion tendon of the tensor tympani muscle, and an epitensoric state with the nerve running above the tendon. The shift from the plesiomorphic hypotensoric chorda tympani to the apomorphic epitensoric condition occurred once in carnivore phylogeny: Only in the herpestid species under study does the chorda tympani cross above the tensor tympani muscle. Therefore, we introduce the epitensoric pattern as a new synapomorphy for herpestids. Within the herpestids we find the following structural distinctions: Herpestes javanicus and Galerella sanguinea have a chorda tympani running in a sulcus directly above the insertion of the tensor tympani muscle, whereas in the eusocial herpestid species Suricata suricatta and Mungos mungo the chorda tympani lies far above the insertion of the muscle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography of the chorda tympani nerve and the tensor tympani muscle in carnivores provides a new synapomorphy for Herpestidae (Carnivora, Mammalia)

Ruf

Maier

2009

Journal of Morphology

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“…In Recent mammals, the dermal bone that develops dorsal to the tectum synoticum plus tectum posterius is called the interparietal (reviewed by Wegner, 1960) and it generally develops as a paired element. Later in ontogenesis, both elements fuse into one median interparietal (Kadam, 1973;Köhncke, 1985;Timm, 1987). This may occasionally persist as an independent bone in adults, but normally it fuses with the dorsal portion of the enchondrally ossifying supraoccipital, and is thus included in a single occipital bone.…”

Section: Homology Of the Postparietalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postparietal and prehatching ontogeny of the supraoccipital in Alligator mississippiensis (Archosauria, Crocodylia)

Klembara

2001

Journal of Morphology

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The first record of the postparietal bone of Alligator mississippiensis, documented by transverse histological sections, is presented. It is the first evidence of the presence of this bone within Recent reptiles. The postparietal is present in a specimen with a head length of 32.3 mm. The bone is a small dermal plate lying ventrally and posteriorly to the posterior margin of the parietal and dorsally to the trabecular bone, forming a dorsal surface of the supraoccipital portion of the neural endocranium. The trabecular bone develops perichondrally from the dorsal surface of the tectal cartilaginous bridge spanning between the dorsal portions of the otic capsules and occipital pilae. The bridge probably represents the fused tectum synoticum posterior plus tectum posterius. Later in ontogeny, the bridge ossifies endochondrally. The endochondrally ossifying bridge together with its perichondrally ossifying trabecular bone form the future supraoccipital. The trabecular bone is the integral part of the cranial endoskeleton and ontogenetically distinct from the dermal postparietal bone.

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Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mammalian chondrocranium: the cupula nasi anterior and associated structures of the anterior head region

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe study of chondrocrania has a long tradition with a focus on single specimens and stages. It revealed great interspecific diversity and a notion of intraspecific variation. As an embryonic structure, the chondrocranium is subject to major changes in ontogeny with resorption and ossification of different cartilaginous structures. The cupula nasi anterior is the anteriormost portion of the cartilaginous nasal capsule and is expected to mirror much of the animal's life history and lifestyle. Its diversity in mammals is reflected in the external nasal anatomy of newborns. Marsupials and placentals show marked differences, likely related to breathing and suckling behavior.ResultsWe examined histological sections of five marsupial and three placentals species and traced the development of the cupula nasi anterior and the anterior nasal capsule. We found ontogenetic variation for nearly 50% of the 43 characters defined herein. By comparing to the literature and considering ontogenetic variation, we performed an analysis of character evolution in 70 mammalian species and reconstructed the nasal anatomy of the therian ancestor.ConclusionsAt birth, marsupials have a complete but simple cupula nasi anterior, whereas placentals display a more diverse morphology due to reductions and variations of chondrocranial elements. The more compact nasal capsule in marsupials is related to a long and strong fixation to the mother’s teat after birth. Within marsupials and placentals, several derived characters distinguish major taxa, probably related to developmental and functional constraints. The reconstructed ancestral anatomy of the cupula nasi anterior supports the hypothesis that the therian ancestor was placental-like and that the marsupial lifestyle is more derived.

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The Chondrocranium of Cryptoprocta ferox

Cited by 3 publications

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Topography of the chorda tympani nerve and the tensor tympani muscle in carnivores provides a new synapomorphy for Herpestidae (Carnivora, Mammalia)

Topography of the chorda tympani nerve and the tensor tympani muscle in carnivores provides a new synapomorphy for Herpestidae (Carnivora, Mammalia)

Postparietal and prehatching ontogeny of the supraoccipital in Alligator mississippiensis (Archosauria, Crocodylia)

Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mammalian chondrocranium: the cupula nasi anterior and associated structures of the anterior head region

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