The cholinergic amacrine cell

Masland, Richard H.; Tauchi, Masaki

doi:10.1016/0166-2236(86)90062-7

Cited by 117 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The only source of ACh in the adult retina is a unique class of amacrine cells, called starburst amacrine cells (Famiglietti, 1983;Vaney, 1984;Masland and Tauchi, 1986). One population of starburst amacrine cells is located in the inner nuclear layer and a second population is displaced into the RGC layer with narrowly stratified processes of the two populations defining two distinct strata within the innerplexiform layer (IPL) [Fig.…”

Section: Cholinergic Network In the Developing Vertebrate Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nAChR‐mediated spontaneous retinal activity in visual system development

Feller

2002

J. Neurobiol.

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ABSTRACT:In the developing vertebrate retina, nAChR synapses are among the first to appear. This early cholinergic circuitry plays a key role in generating "retinal waves," spontaneously generated waves of action potentials that sweep across the ganglion cell layer. These retinal waves exist for a short period of time during development when several circuits within the visual system are being established. Here I review the cholinergic circuitry of the developing retina and the role these early circuits play in the development of the retina itself and of retinal projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

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Section: Cholinergic Network In the Developing Vertebrate Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nAChR‐mediated spontaneous retinal activity in visual system development

Feller

2002

J. Neurobiol.

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“…Islet-1, a member of the LIM homeodomain family known to be involved in vertebrate and invertebrate development (Thor et al, 1991;Ericson et al, 1992;Tsuchida et al, 1994), is detected early in the developing retina and provides a unique opportunity to monitor the assembly of the cholinergic mosaics, comprising two arrays of amacrine cells of great importance for both the visual function (Masland and Tauchi, 1986) and the development of the visual system (Feller et al, 1996).…”

Section: Abstract: Retina; Lim Proteins; Islet-1; X-inactivation Tramentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosaics of Islet-1-Expressing Amacrine Cells Assembled by Short-Range Cellular Interactions

Resta²,

et al. 1997

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The nervous system has a modular architecture with neurons of the same type commonly organized in nonrandom arrays or mosaics. Modularity is essential to parallel processing of sensory information and has provided a key element for brain evolution, but we still know very little of the way neuronal mosaics form during development. Here we have identified the immature elements of two retinal mosaics, the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) amacrine cells, by their early expression of the homeodomain protein Islet-1, and we show that spatial ordering is an intrinsic property of the two Islet-1 mosaics, dynamically maintained while new elements are inserted into the mosaics. Migrating Islet-1 cells do not show this spatial ordering, indicating that they must move tangentially as they enter the mosaic, under the action of local mechanisms. Clonal territory analysis in X-inactivation transgenic mice confirms the lateral displacement of ChAT amacrine cells away from their clonal columns of origin, and mathematical models show how short-range cellular interactions can guide the assemblage of these mosaics via a simple biological rule. Key words: retina; LIM proteins; Islet-1; X-inactivation transgenic mouse; ChAT amacrine; tangential migration; Voronoi domainsThe retina is one of the best examples of modular organization in neural circuitry. The five main types of retinal neurons are organized into three cell layers. Photoreceptors occupy the outer nuclear layer, bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells the inner nuclear layer (I N L), and ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Each principal class of retinal neurons can be divided f urther into subtypes, which differ in morphology and connectivity as well as biochemical and physiological properties (for review, see Ramon y C ajal, 1892;Rodieck, 1973;Dowling, 1987;Wässle and Boycott, 1991). Within each layer, neurons of the same type are commonly spaced in an orderly manner, forming planar arrays that uniformly tile the retina. Such arrays are known as neuronal mosaics (Wässle and Riemann, 1978) because they bring to mind the regular arrangement of the tesserae of a mosaic.Although the orderly organization of retinal cells is known to be f undamental to the parallel processing of visual information in the retina, little is known of the way neuronal mosaics form during development. Postmitotic retinal neurons migrate to their final positions from the proliferative neuroepithelium, but known markers for retinal mosaics are expressed only after the cells have attained a regular spatial arrangement (Wässle and Riemann, 1978;Mitrofanis et al., 1988;Vaney, 1990;C asini and Brecha, 1991;Wikler and Rakic, 1991;Hutsler and Chalupa, 1995;Scheibe et al., 1995), making it difficult to understand how such regularity comes about.Here we report that the transcription factor Islet-1 is an early marker for cholinergic amacrine cells. Islet-1, a member of the LIM homeodomain family known to be involved in vertebrate and invertebrate development (Thor et al...

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“…[12][13][14]. Starburst cells exist in the rabbit retina as two mirror-symmetric populations in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), each having radially symmetric dendritic fields that extend from 200 to 800 ,im in diameter depending on eccentricity (15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Starburst amacrine cells change from spiking to nonspiking neurons during retinal development.

Zhou

Fain

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The membrane excitability of cholinergic (starburst) amacrine cells was studied in the rabbit retina during postnatal development. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from 110 displaced starburst cells in a thin retinal slice preparation of rabbits between postnatal days P1 and P56 old. We report that displaced starburst cells undergo a dramatic transition from spiking to nonspiking, caused by a loss of voltage-gated Na currents. This change in membrane excitability occurred just after eye opening (P10), such that all of the starburst cells tested before eye opening had conspicuous tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na currents and action potentials, but none tested after the first 3 postnatal weeks had detectable Na currents or spikes. Our results suggest that starburst cells use action potentials transiently during development and probably play a functional role in visual development. These cells then cease to spike as the retina matures, presumably consistent with their role in visual processing in the mature retina.In the vertebrate retina, synaptic transmission by most interneurons is mediated by nonspiking, graded membrane potentials (1). Action potentials so far have been found in only a relatively small population of retinal interneurons, predominantly wide-field amacrine cell types (e.g., refs. 2-10

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The cholinergic amacrine cell

Cited by 117 publications

References 31 publications

The role of nAChR‐mediated spontaneous retinal activity in visual system development

The role of nAChR‐mediated spontaneous retinal activity in visual system development

Mosaics of Islet-1-Expressing Amacrine Cells Assembled by Short-Range Cellular Interactions

Starburst amacrine cells change from spiking to nonspiking neurons during retinal development.

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