The Cholesterol-Raising Factor from Coffee Beans

Urgert, R.; Katan, Martijn B.

doi:10.1177/014107689608901107

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Could a lowering of Lp(a) levels with consumption of coffee diterpenes confer any health bene®t? In a metaanalysis of eleven trials with preparations rich in cafestol and kahweol, we found that each 10 mg of cafestol ingested per day raises serum total cholesterol by 0.15 mmol/L, which was mostly due to an increase in LDL cholesterol (Urgert & Katan, 1997b). The hypercholesterolemic potency of coffee diterpenes thus overrules their potential bene®cial impact on Lp(a) levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials

et al. 1997

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Un®ltered coffee raises serum LDL cholesterol in humans, owing to the presence of the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol. Norwegians with a chronic high intake of un®ltered coffee also had elevated serum levels of lipoprotein(a), an LDL-like particle which is insensitive toward dietary interventions. We now experimentally studied the in¯uence of coffee diterpenes on lipoprotein(a) levels. Design: Four randomised controlled trials. Subjects: Healthy, normolipidemic volunteers. Interventions: Coffee, coffee oil, and pure diterpenes for 4±24 weeks. Main outcome measures: The circulating level of lipoprotein(a). Results: In 22 subjects drinking ®ve to six strong cups of cafetiere coffee per day, the median fall in lipoprotein(a) was 1.5 mg/dL after two months (P 0.03), and 0.5 mg/dL after half a year (P b 0.05), relative to 24 ®lter coffee drinkers. Coffee oil doses equivalent to 10±20 cups of un®ltered coffee reduced lipoprotein(a) levels by up to 5.5 mg/dL (P`0.05) in two separate trials (n 12±16 per group). A puri®ed mixture of cafestol and kahweol, as well as cafestol alone, were also effective in reducing Lp(a) levels (n 10). Averaged over the four trials, each 10 mg/d of cafestol (plus kahweol)Ðthe amount present in two to three cups of cafetiere coffeeÐdecreased Lp(a) levels by 0.5 mg/dL or 4% from baseline values after four weeks (n 63). Conclusions: Coffee diterpenes are among the few dietary exceptions shown to in¯uence serum lipoprotein(a) levels. However, the Lp(a)-reducing potency of coffee diterpenes may subside in the long run, and their adverse side effects preclude their use as lipoprotein(a)-reducing agents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials

et al. 1997

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Uma meta--análise de 14 estudos sobre a associação entre o consumo de café sob diferentes métodos de preparo, e o perfil lipídico sérico de indivíduos verificou uma relação causal entre ingestão de café fervido e aumento de colesterol sérico 14 . Dusseldorp et al 12 , estudando 64 pacientes com um consumo diário de 6 xícaras de 150mL, observaram após 14 semanas um aumento de 16mg/dL de colesterol total e LDL-C. Urger & Katan 5 relataram um aumento no colesterol total de 5mg/dL com a ingestão de 10mg de cafestol, e de 0,9mg/dL com a ingestão de 10mg de kahweol. Por outro lado, outros estudos não encontraram alterações no perfil lipídico sérico 15,33,34 .…”

Section: I S C U S S ã Ounclassified

Consumo de café segundo métodos de preparo da bebida e associação com perfil lipídico sérico em hipertensos e diabéticos

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJETIVO: Verificar o consumo da bebida café segundo a quantidade ingerida e os métodos de preparo, e sua associação com o perfil lipídico sérico de hipertensos e diabéticos. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados, por meio de entrevista, dados demográficos, de estilo de vida e de consumo alimentar, aferidas medidas antropométricas e colhido sangue para análise de perfil lipídico sérico. Análise descritiva, testes t de Student, qui-quadrado e de correlação linear de Pearson foram utilizados com 5% de probabilidade de erro experimental. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 182 indivíduos hipertensos e diabéticos tipo 2, consumidores de café, distribuídos em dois grupos segundo o método de preparo da bebida: à brasileira e fervido. Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto aos dados demográficos, antropométricos, de estilo de vida, de consumo alimentar e de perfil lipídico sérico. A quantidade per capita de pó utilizado no método à brasileira e no fervido foi de M=7,52, DP=4,99g e M=7,91, DP=5,87g, respectivamente. O volume ingerido e a frequência de consumo dos indivíduos do grupo à brasileira foi de M=517,3, DP=402,7mL e M=2,14, DP=1,06 vezes/dia, e para os consumidores de café fervido, M=513,4, DP=409,8mL e M=2,2, DP=0,94 vezes/dia. Não houve associação significativa entre a quantidade ingerida da bebida café e o perfil lipídico sérico. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação entre o consumo de café à brasileira ou fervido e o perfil lipídico sérico, possivelmente em função da quantidade consumida e/ou da diluição utilizada. Se, por um lado, os resultados não permitem desestimular o consumo da bebida na quantidade ingerida pela população estudada, como medida de prevenção cardiovascular, por outro lado autorizam concluir que há necessidade de avançar nessa linha de investigação.

show abstract

“…2 We estimated that each 10 mg of cafestol ingested per day raises serum cholesterol levels by 0.13 mmol/L. 3 In humans, Ϸ80% of the rise in total cholesterol is accounted for by LDL cholesterol, and the rest is due to a rise in VLDL cholesterol. 4 The mechanism by which coffee diterpenes influence lipid metabolism is largely unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cafestol Increases Serum Cholesterol Levels in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice by Suppression of Bile Acid Synthesis

Post¹,

Roos²,

Vermeulen³

et al. 2000

ATVB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Cafestol, a diterpene present in unfiltered coffee, potently increases serum cholesterol levels in humans. So far, no suitable animal model has been found to study the biochemical background of this effect. We determined the effect of cafestol on serum cholesterol and triglycerides in different mouse strains and subsequently studied its mechanism of action in apolipoprotein (apo) E*3-Leiden transgenic mice. ApoE*3-Leiden, heterozygous low density lipoproteinreceptor (LDLRϩ/Ϫ) knockout, or wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-(0.05% wt/wt) or a low-(0.01% wt/wt) cafestol diet or a placebo diet for 8 weeks. Standardized to energy intake, these amounts are equal to 40, 8, or 0 cups of unfiltered coffee per 10 MJ per day in humans. In apoE*3-Leiden mice, serum cholesterol was statistically significantly increased by 33% on the low-and by 61% on the high-cafestol diet. In LDLRϩ/Ϫ and WT mice, the increases were 20% and 24%, respectively, on the low-cafestol diet and 55% and 46%, respectively, on the high-cafestol diet. These increases were mainly due to a rise in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol in all 3 mouse strains. To investigate the mechanism of this effect, apoE*3-Leiden mice were fed a high-cafestol or a placebo diet for 3 weeks. Cafestol suppressed enzyme activity and mRNA levels of cholesterol 7␣-hydroxylase by 57% and 58%, respectively. mRNA levels of enzymes involved in the alternate pathway of bile acid synthesis, ie, sterol 27-hydroxylase and oxysterol 7␣-hydroxylase, were reduced by 32% and 48%, respectively. The total fecal bile acid output was decreased by 41%. Cafestol did not affect hepatic free and esterified cholesterol, but it decreased LDLR mRNA levels by 37%. The VLDL apoB and triglyceride production rates, as measured after Triton injection, were 2-fold decreased by cafestol, indicating that the number of particles secreted had declined and that there was no change in the amount of triglycerides present in the VLDL particle during cafestol treatment. However, the VLDL particles contained a 4-times higher amount of cholesteryl esters, resulting in a net 2-fold increased secretion of cholesteryl esters. The decrease in triglyceride production was the result of a reduction in hepatic triglyceride content by 52%. In conclusion, cafestol increases serum cholesterol levels in apoE*3-Leiden mice by suppression of the major regulatory enzymes in the bile acid synthesis pathways, leading to decreased LDLR mRNA levels and increased secretion of hepatic cholesterol esters. We suggest that suppression of bile acid synthesis may provide an explanation for the cholesterol-raising effect of cafestol in humans. Key Words: bile acid synthesis Ⅲ cholesterol 7␣-hydroxylase Ⅲ sterol 27-hydroxylase Ⅲ apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden mice Ⅲ cafestol U nfiltered coffee markedly increases serum cholesterol levels in humans. The compounds responsible for this effect are cafestol and kahweol, 2 diterpenes that are present in coffee beans. 1 From our experimen...

show abstract

The Cholesterol-Raising Factor from Coffee Beans

Cited by 82 publications

References 44 publications

Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials

Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials

Consumo de café segundo métodos de preparo da bebida e associação com perfil lipídico sérico em hipertensos e diabéticos

Cafestol Increases Serum Cholesterol Levels in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice by Suppression of Bile Acid Synthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About