The chloroplast pigments of the algal classes Eustigmatophyceae and Xanthophyceae. II. Xanthophyceae

Whittle, Stephen J.; Casselton, P. J.

doi:10.1080/00071617500650181

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…5E ). The specific pigments causing the increased absorption in this region in V. litorea could not be identified, but possible candidates are the xanthophyll cycle pigment diadinoxanthin (and, to a lesser extent in dark-acclimated samples, diatoxanthin), β-carotene, vaucheriaxanthin, and heteroxanthin ( Whittle and Casselton, 1975 ; Cruz et al , 2015 ; Streckaite et al , 2018 ). To get a better idea of the specific compounds related to 1 O 2 detoxification, we performed an HPLC analysis of spinach and V. litorea thylakoids after methanol extraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs

Havurinne

Handrich

Antinluoma

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Elysia chlorotica is a kleptoplastic sea slug that preys on Vaucheria litorea, stealing its plastids which continue to photosynthesize for months inside the animal cells. We investigated the native properties of V. litorea plastids to understand how they withstand the rigors of photosynthesis in isolation. Transcription of specific genes in laboratory-isolated V. litorea plastids was monitored up to seven days. The involvement of plastid-encoded FtsH, a key plastid maintenance protease, in recovery from photoinhibition in V. litorea was estimated in cycloheximide-treated cells. In vitro comparison of V. litorea and spinach thylakoids was applied to investigate ROS formation in V. litorea. In comparison to other tested genes, the transcripts of ftsH and translation elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA) decreased slowly during incubation of isolated V. litorea plastids. Higher level of FtsH was also evident in cycloheximide-treated cells during recovery from photoinhibition. Charge recombination in PSII of V. litorea was found to be fine-tuned to produce only small quantities of singlet oxygen ( 1O2), and the plastids also contain ROS-protective compounds. Our results support the view that the genetic characteristics of the plastids themselves are crucial in creating a photosynthetic sea slug. The plastid’s autonomous repair machinery is likely enhanced by low 1O2 production and by elevated expression of FtsH in the plastids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs

Havurinne

Handrich

Antinluoma

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…According to [81,101,120], the vaucheriaxanthin ester appeared to be the characteristic xanthophyll of all yellow-green coloured algae, both Xanthophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae. In these three, as well as in all other specified pigment studies cited above, vaucheriaxanthin in all his forms was quantitatively less important than violaxanthin.…”

Section: Carotenoids In Eustigmatophyceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids in five aeroterrestrial strains fromVischeria/Eustigmatosgroup: updating the pigment pattern of Eustigmatophyceae

Stoyneva-Gärtner

Stoykova

Uzunov

et al. 2019

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Carotenoids have received particular attention both for their importance in algal systematics and hydrobiology and for their health benefits for humans, along with other applications in various industries. Here, we provide new data on the carotenoid content of five Vischeria/ Eustigmatos strains isolated from aeroterrestrial habitats in Bulgaria and kept in the Algal Collection of Sofia University (ACUS). The obtained pigment pattern with nine carotenoids and generalization of literature data allowed us to update the knowledge on the chemotaxonomic characteristics of Eustigmatophyceae with a total of 47 pigments reported for the group, out of which 37 are carotenoids. The important photosynthetic pigment lutein, considered also a high-value product with extensive applications in feed, food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, was proved as a novel carotenoid for the group. The results also confirmed the presence of luteoxanthin, which is rarely reported in algae. All strains had a high content of the commercially valuable health-promoting xanthophyll astaxanthin. There were also different amounts of beta-carotene, violaxanthin, vaucheriaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin. Based on the differences in the pigment composition of the members of the ecological groups of aquatic and aeroterrestrial species, we propose the existence of two main pigment types in the class Eustigmatophyceae, with the aquatic type further divided into freshwater and marine pigment subtypes.

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“…The xanthophyll cycle can be defined as the interconversion of xanthophylls that involves one or two de-epoxidation reactions occurring in high-light and a reverse epoxidation reaction in limiting light 31 . In the Xanthophycea, such as Vaucheria sp., the xanthophyll cycle comprises the de-epoxidation step conversion of diadinoxanthin (Dd) to diatoxanthin (Dt) in high-light and the reverse reaction in dark or dim light 33 . The Dd cycle is equivalent to the violaxanthin (Viola), antheraxanthin (Anth), and zeaxanthin (Zea) xanthophyll cycle present in vascular plants, green and brown algae 30 34 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Photoprotection in sequestered plastids of sea slugs and respective algal sources

Cruz

Cartaxana

Newcomer

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Some sea slugs are capable of retaining functional sequestered chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) for variable periods of time. The mechanisms supporting the maintenance of these organelles in animal hosts are still largely unknown. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the occurrence of a xanthophyll cycle were investigated in the sea slugs Elysia viridis and E. chlorotica using chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and pigment analysis. The photoprotective capacity of kleptoplasts was compared to that observed in their respective algal source, Codium tomentosum and Vaucheria litorea. A functional xanthophyll cycle and a rapidly reversible NPQ component were found in V. litorea and E. chlorotica but not in C. tomentosum and E. viridis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the absence of a functional xanthophyll cycle in a green macroalgae. The absence of a functional xanthophyll cycle in C. tomentosum could contribute to the premature loss of photosynthetic activity and relatively short-term retention of kleptoplasts in E. viridis. On the contrary, E. chlorotica displays one of the longest functional examples of kleptoplasty known so far. We speculate that different efficiencies of photoprotection and repair mechanisms of algal food sources play a role in the longevity of photosynthetic activity in kleptoplasts retained by sea slugs.

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The chloroplast pigments of the algal classes Eustigmatophyceae and Xanthophyceae. II. Xanthophyceae

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs

Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs

Carotenoids in five aeroterrestrial strains fromVischeria/Eustigmatosgroup: updating the pigment pattern of Eustigmatophyceae

Photoprotection in sequestered plastids of sea slugs and respective algal sources

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