The Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis pseudoreticulata) E3 ubiquitin ligase Erysiphe necator‐induced RING finger protein 1 (EIRP1) activates plant defense responses by inducing proteolysis of the VpWRKY11 transcription factor

Abstract

SummaryUbiquitin-mediated regulation responds rapidly to specific stimuli; this rapidity is particularly important for defense responses to pathogen attack. Here, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Erysiphe necator-induced RING finger protein 1 (EIRP1) in the defense response of Chinese wild grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata.The regulatory function of E3 ubiquitin ligase EIRP1 was investigated using molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches.EIRP1 encodes a C3HC4-type Really Interesting New Gene (RING) finger protein that harbors E3 ligase activity. This activity requires the conserved RING domain, and VpWRKY11 also interacts with EIRP1 through the RING domain. VpWRKY11 localizes to the nucleus and activates W-box-dependent transcription in planta. EIRP1 targeted VpWRKY11 in vivo, resulting in VpWRKY11 degradation. The expression of EIRP1 and VpWRKY11 responds rapidly to powdery mildew in Vitis pseudoreticulata grapevine; also, overexpression of EIRP1 in Arabidopsis confers enhanced resistance to the pathogens Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000.Our data suggest that the EIRP1 E3 ligase positively regulates plant disease resistance by mediating proteolysis of the negative regulator VpWRKY11 via degradation by the 26S proteasome.

Genome-wide identification of WRKY family genes and their response to cold stress in Vitis vinifera

“…The remaining 59 transcripts were named from VvWRKY1 to VvWRKY59 according to their order in the V. vinifera genomic sequence (Table 1). As for the previously published six WRKY proteins in grapes [18,29-35], each amino acid sequence was downloaded and BLASTp was used to find its corresponding WRKY loci in the V. vinifera genome.…”

“…Transgenetic Arabidopsis plants expressing VvWRKY11 , isolated from ‘Beifeng’, an interspecific cultivar of V. thunbergii × V. vinifera , showed increased dehydration tolerance [34]. Its homologous gene, VpWRKY11 , was found to serve as a negative regulator of disease resistance [35]. Although several individual WRKY genes have been identified in grapevine, the WRKY gene family in grapevine remains wholly uncharacterized.…”

Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors

“…Additionally, WRKYs function in biotic stress tolerance to numerous pathogens (Zheng et al, 2006;Pandey and Somssich, 2009;Ishihama and Yoshioka, 2012;Chen et al, 2013). WRKYs also have been found to be degraded by the 26S proteasome, divulging the role of proteolysis in regulating WRKY TF functions (Matsushita et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2013). The role of WRKYs in plant development, such as trichome and root hair formation, seed coat color, seed size, plant senescence, and male gametogenesis, is also well documented (Johnson et al, 2002;Robatzek and Somssich, 2002;Luo et al, 2005;Guan et al, 2014).…”

Resveratrol derivatives in four tissues of six wild Chinese grapevine species

“…Some of these wild species have shown resistance to certain diseases and various abiotic stresses; moreover, their fruit is considered to have valuable oenological traits (Wan, Schwaninger, Li, Simon, Wang & Zhang 2008). New germplasms have recently been developed by traditional grape breeding employing hybridization (Ji & Wang 2013), gene function testing (Li et al 2010;Xu et al 2010Xu et al , 2011Yu et al 2013) and molecular breeding by transformation (Fan et al 2008). Some of these new materials have also been used in wine making Meng et al 2012) This study explores variations in the content and the proportions of stilbenoids (trans-and cisresveratrol and trans-and cis-piceid) in the leaves and fruit skins, seeds and flesh of 21 accessions of six wild Chinese grapevine species.…”