The Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire among college students: factor structure and measurement invariance across genders

Abstract

Background The Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept commonly used to examine the impact of health status on quality of life, and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire is a good self-assessment tool. This study was designed to investigate the factor structure of the OHIP-14 scale Chinese version, measurement invariance and latent mean differences across genders among college students. Methods The online survey was completed by 919 college students. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to check the structural models of the OHIP-14 scale, The correlation of each item with the scale total score could test homogeneity, and Cronbach’s alpha (Cronbach’s α) could evaluate internal consistency. Multi-group CFA was used to explore whether the Chinese version of the OHIP-14 scale was used in male and female populations for measurement consistency. T-test compared scores between men and women. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between age, gender, education, subject, and the score on the OHIP-14 scale. Results We found that the 7-factor structure had the best fit index in the sample. According to Cronbach’s α, the overall score of OHIP was 0.958, and Cronbach’s α for 7 factors was: functional limitation was 0.800, physical pain was 0.854, psychological discomfort was 0.902, physical disability was 0.850, psychological disability was 0.768, social disability was 0.862, social handicap was 0.819 and the test–retest reliability interval was 0.723. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported residual measurement invariance across gender. T-test for scores showed that females scored higher significantly than men as did the overall score, in terms of physical pain ( p <0.001), physical disability ( p <0.001), and psychological disability ( p <0.001). Conclusions This study found the OHIP-14 Chinese version to be a good tool for assessing the college students' OHRQoL in China, allowing people to conduct self-assessments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02441-6.

Factorial structure and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 among clinical populations and non-clinical populations: an evidence for public oral investigations

“…Furthermore, there were significant differences in the scores of OHIP between different gender groups in a survey of patients with dentofacial deformities in Brazil [ 32 ]. Similar results were also seen in the Chinese college student population [ 19 ]. Thus, accumulating surveys showed that sex differences may be a significant factor impacting OHRQoL, and it is possible that the latent variable of gender may have an impact on the score of the Chinese version of OHIP-14 in the assessment of individuals of various genders.…”

“…The CFA results demonstrated that the 7-factor scale of the OHIP-14 has a better fit for the clinical populations. The same results were also found in the Chinese version of OHIP-14 tested on Chinese college students [ 19 ], indicating that the 7-factor structure of the Chinese version of OHIP-14 can be well applied to both clinical and non-clinical populations. According to the G D Slade’s study, OHIP-14 is a simplified version of OHIP-49 with high reliability and contains questions from each of the seven conceptual dimensions of the OHIP-49 [ 10 ].…”

“…Similarly, if the OHIP-like measurement results can be improved, it can be better explained that the measurement values are not affected by the latent variables (age, gender, clinical status). Previous studies have validated measurement equivalence between sexes in college students [ 19 ], but their conclusions have been limited to nonclinical populations. Therefore, this study extends it to clinical populations and between clinical populations, as well as between different genders within clinical populations.…”

“…Furthermore, the latest research indicated 7-factor of OHIP-14 was developed to address the same concepts as the full version of OHIP but to consume less time [ 18 ]. Chinese researchers proved the validity of the 7-factor OHIP-14 model in 2022, and when compared to other factor structure models, the 7-factor model was the most reliable and provided the greatest fit for the current data [ 19 ]. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the Chinese version of the OHIP-14 has been extensively used with a variety of people and situations, including the elderly [ 20 ], and edentulous subjects [ 13 ], it has some limits.…”

Development, validation and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the biopsychosocial impact scale in orofacial pain patients

“…Dussor et al (2018) proposed that the oral and facial morbidity of men and the elderly is high. In addition, our previous research has also proved that education will also affect OFP, for example, the high incidence of OFP can be observed among college students (Feng et al, 2022). Given the above results, it cannot be ruled out whether the population is affected by latent variables (gender, age, education, etc.)…”