The Chinese Herb Isolate Yuanhuacine (YHL-14) Induces G2/M Arrest in Human Cancer Cells by Up-regulating p21 Protein Expression through an p53 Protein-independent Cascade

Abstract

Background:The potential mechanism of YHL-14 against cancer cells has not been explored. Results: YHL-14 induces G 2 /M phase arrest and inhibition of cancer cell growth by up-regulation of p21 transcription and protein expression via modulation of Sp1 protein stability. Conclusion: YHL-14 inhibits bladder and colon cancer cell growth through up-regulation of p21 expression. Significance: This study identifies a novel mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of YHL-14.

Isorhapontigenin (ISO) inhibited cell transformation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest via increasing MKP-1 mRNA stability

“…For stable transfection selection, cultures were subjected to puromycin selection for 4–6 weeks, and surviving cells were pooled as stable mass transfectants. These stable transfectants were cultured in the selected antibiotic-free medium for at least two passages before utilization for experiments[51-53]. …”

“…The plates were incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 3 weeks. The colonies with more than 32 cells were scored and the results were presented as colonies/10 4 cells[45, 47, 51]. …”

“…The fixed cells were washed twice with PBS, and then suspended in Propidium Iodide staining solution (Propidium Iodide 50 mg /ml, RNAse A 10 mg /ml, and 0.1% Triton X-100) (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical, St. Louis, MO) for at least 1 hour at 4°C. The DNA content was determined by means of Flow Cytometric Analysis with the Epics XL FACS (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL) and EXPO 32 software as described previously [45, 51, 55]. …”

The use of natural products in colorectal cancer drug discovery

“…Reyes-Zurita et al found that maslinic acid induces apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway [69]. Furthermore, NPs with other structures, such as polyacetylenes and polyenes [72], chromane derivatives [73], grifolin [74], g-oryzanol [75], yuanhuacine [76], chartreusin [77] and statins [78], have been explored for the purpose of drug discovery for CRC ( Table 5). In addition, NPs derived from organisms in marine environments have recently been investigated.…”

“…Honokiol [65], magnolol [66], podophyllotoxin, silibinin, hydnocarpin Substances other than polyphenols Alkaloids Antofine [67,68], avenanthramide, neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids, taspine Terpenes Maslinic acid [69], talaporfin, novel triterpenoids, ent-clerodane diterpenoids, curcuphenol, picrotoxin, solaniol, triptolide, carnosic acid, koetjapic acid, andrographolide, plaunotol, geranylgeraniol Sapogenin Yerba mate tea and mate saponins [70], Paris saponin VII [71] Other substances Polyacetylenes and polyenes [72], chromane derivatives [73], grifolin [74], g-oryzanol [75], yuanhuacine [76], chartreusin [77], simvastatin and lovastatin [78], TPU942 and its derivatives [79], PTZ0025, phytic acid, b-sitosterol, diallyl sulfide, brefeldin A, parthenolide, norcantharidin, protopanaxadiol, melanoidin, evodiamine, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, panaxadiol, renieramycin, pyrazolone derivatives, b-asarone, phthalide, turmerone…”